In mammals the transfer of passive immunity from mother to young is mediated by the MHC-related receptor FcRn, which transports maternal IgG across epithelial cell barriers. In birds, maternal IgY in egg yolk is transferred across the yolk sac to passively immunize chicks during gestation and early independent life. The chicken yolk sac IgY receptor (FcRY) is the ortholog of the mammalian phosp...

Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of immunization of hens with bovine vaccines (C, R, T) on the course of IgY antibodies production against selected bovine E. coli strains, rota- and coronaviruses in egg yolk in farm conditions. The hens (40 individuals per group) were vaccinated twice, subcutaneously in four week interval and eggs were harvested once a week. Control group consisted o...

Background: Cholera toxin (CT), responsible for the harmful effects of cholera infection, is made up of one A subunit (enzymatic), and five B subunits (cell binding). The release of cholera toxin is the main reason for the debilitating loss of intestinal fluid. Inhibition of the B subunit (CTB) may block CT activity. Objective: To determine the effect of anti CTB-IgY against oral challenge with...

The aim of this study was to confirm the feasibility using hybrid immunoglobulin-binding reagents in ELISAs for IgG/IgY detection and specific antibodies against an infectious microorganism (Salmonella spp.) various animal species a universal diagnostic ELISA. Hybrid bacterial proteins (IBP), including recombinant protein LA, LG, AG, have been produced improve their binding affinity much larger...

background: cryptosporidium parvum is a parasitic protozoan that functions as important causa­tive agent of diarrhea in human and animals. the host's immune response to surface anti­gens of c. parvum has been previously demonstrated. in this respect, the role of humoral immu­nity in the development of host protective immunity against this protozoon has been well demon­strated. methods: the effe...

The 1957-58 International Geophysical Year (IGY) is regarded by many as the threshold of mankind’s entry into space exploration. Now 58 years later, we understand and can describe in detail the five complete solar cycles since then, and the differences between them. We know that the Earth’s magnetic field has changed, causing changes in our planet’s space weather shield. The Earth’s atmosphere ...

Russell's vipers containing hemotoxic and neurotoxic venom commonly cause snake envenomation. Horse-derived antivenom is a specific antidote, but its production is expensive and has side effects. Developing a cost-effective and more tolerable therapeutic strategy is favorable. In this study, using glutaraldehyde-attenuated Daboia russelii formosensis (DRF) venom proteins to immunize chickens, p...