The effect of intracerebroventricular infusion of compound 48/80 (C48/80), a mast cell secretagogue, on adrenal cortisol secretion was investigated in dogs under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. A marked increase in adrenal cortisol secretion was elicited by C48/80 along with a concomitant increase in the plasma levels of cortisol and immunoreactive ACTH, but neither arterial blood pressure and...

PURPOSE Our purpose was to assess the worth of dynamic MR imaging in the evaluation of vascular changes of the pituitary in patients with lymphocytic hypophysitis. METHODS Five patients (four males, one female; 9 to 53 years old) with lymphocytic hypophysitis or infundibuloneurohypophysitis were studied. All patients underwent endocrinologic studies and a series of two to five MR examinations...

The function and components of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis are conserved among vertebrates; however, in fish, a neuroglandular mode of delivery (direct contact between axons and endocrine cells) was considered dominant, whereas in tetrapods hypothalamic signals are relayed to their targets via the hypophysial portal blood system (neurovascular delivery mode). By using a transgenic zebrafish...

Seasonal changes in reproduction and other metabolic conditions may result from interaction of circadian neural oscillations and hormonal secretion that change seasonally. To test this hypothesis, the present study was designed to study the effect of melatonin and circadian neurotransmitter activity on reproductive and hormonal conditions in a subtropical finch, spotted munia (Lonchura punctula...

The Cre/loxP system has shown promise for investigating genes involved in nervous system function and pathology, although its application for studying central neural regulation of cardiovascular function and disease has not been explored. Here, we report for the first time that recombination of loxP-flanked genes can be achieved in discrete cardiovascular regulatory nuclei of adult mouse brain ...

BACKGROUND Cushing's syndrome is the term used to describe a set of symptoms associated with hypercortisolism, which in most cases is caused by hypophysial microadenoma over-secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone. This endocrine disorder is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities. The most important include mood disorders, psychotic disorders, cognitive dysfunctions and anxiety disorders...

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We previously isolated a novel dodecapeptide containing a C-terminal -Arg-Phe-NH(2) sequence, SIKPSAYLPLRF-NH(2) (RFamide peptide), from the quail brain. This quail RFamide peptide was shown to decrease gonadotropin release from the cultured anterior pituitary and to be located at least in the quail hypothalamo-hypophysial system. We therefore designated this RFamide peptide gonadotropin inhibi...

The neurohypophyseal hormones, arginine vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), play a crucial role in the physiological and behavioral response to various kinds of stresses. Both neuropeptides activate the hypophysial-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is a central mediator of the stress response in the body. Conversely, they receive the negative regulation by glucocorticoid, w...

The secretion of hormone from the nerve term inals in the infundibular process of the neurohypophysis is mediated by the arrival of impulses generated in cell bodies of neurons in the anterior hypothalam us and propagated along the fibres of the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract. Influx of Ca2+ into the secretory cells is believed to play a part in hormone release. I t has been proposed th a t Ca2+...