Abstract Background and Aims Anaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting up to 53.4% patients with Stage 5 CKD compared 8.4% 1 [1]. associated increased risk cardiovascular events death, healthcare resource utilisation (HRU), reduced health-related quality life (HRQoL) [2]. Established treatments for anaemia include erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) [1,2];...