Abstract—The world crude oil demand is projected to rise to 108.5 million bbl/d by the year 2035. With reserves estimated at 869 billion tonnes worldwide, coal remains an abundant resource. The aim of this work was to produce a high value hydrocarbon liquid product using a Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL) process at, relatively mild operating conditions. Via hydrogenation, the temperature-staged ...

When oil fields fall during their lifetime below the bubble point gas comes out of solution. The key questions are at which saturation becomes mobile (“critical saturation”) and what mobility is, because reduces production significantly. traditional view is that phase once bubbles grow or expand to a size where they connect form percolating path. For typical 3D porous media corresponding this p...

This study reports liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) and liquid–liquid–liquid (LLLE) data for binary (phenol + n- dodecane, or n -hexadecane) ternary (water phenol systems measured under atmospheric pressure. The compositions of coexisting phases were determined with analytical cloud point methods at temperatures 298 K – 353 K. Non–Random Two–Liquid (NRTL) excess Gibbs energy model was employed t...

A novel polymeric bioflocculant was produced by a bacterium utilizing degradation of n-hexadecane as the energy source. The bioflocculant was produced with a bioflocculating activity of 87.8%. The hydrocarbon degradation was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and was further supported with contact angle measurements for the changes in hydrophobic nature of the culture me...

Use of chemical criteria in assessing the potential for adverse toxic effects in contaminated sites can under or overestimate the necessary level of site cleanup required. The use of ecotoxicity testing provides a more direct assessment of adverse environmental impact. A multi-trophic level soil ecotoxicity assessment was done on soil contaminated with crude oil distilled into five different fr...

an aquifer located within a petroleum processing plant in moín, costa rica, suffers hydrocarbon pollution. this study aimed to determine the ability of indigenous microorganisms from this site to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) to evaluate the feasibility of an eventual bioremediation process. aerobic conditions were found in the aquifer, while microbial analyses of the groundw...

Heavy oil is considered as a multipurpose complex mineral, and the processing of heavy oils “complex problem”, aimed both at increasing yield light fractions “transport” ability oil, extracting metals from asphaltene resinous fraction. The recovery (such vanadium, nickel, titanium, iron, etc.) was performed by cavitation extraction technology with use hydrocarbon solvents chemical extractants, ...

Proteinase production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied in medium containing noncarbohydrate materials, especially various hydrocarbons, as the sole carbon source. On heavy oil, kerosene, n-paraffinic hydrocarbon of C(12), C(14), or C(16), and propylene glycol, the bacteria grew well and high protinase production was observed. However, production on paraffinic hydrocarbon differed remarkabl...

Crude oil is not a specific single mineral substance. It is often called petroleum hydrocarbon because of its predominant make up of carbon and hydrogen, though it sometimes contains other elements1. There are many types of crude oil having widely different properties. Such variability are related to their behaviour and even degradation on spillage. Crude oil can however be divided into two: he...