A three-dimensional transient formulation of the frost formation process is developed by means of a finite volume approach. Emphasis is put on the frost surface boundary condition as well as the wide range of empirical correlations related to the thermophysical and transport properties of frost. A study of the numerical solution is made, establishing the parameters that ensure grid independence...

The information presented in this publication is based primarily on interviews and therefore is subject to fluctuation. Frost & Sullivan takes no responsibility for any incorrect information supplied to us by third parties. This document contains certain forward-looking statements. These statements are based on Frost & Sullivan's current expectations & research and are subject to uncertainty an...

Frost causes damage to crops. Predicting the frost occurrence in advance is highly valuable for practitioners taking possible frost-prevention measures. In our previous study, we have applied machine learning forecast using two methods. To better support user with a potential trend of future period, propose an integrated system advantages

Disc electrophoresis was used to separate water soluble proteins from hardy, non-hardy, and frost killed cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) leaves. Amidoschwarz staining failed to reveal any new bands as a result of hardening although the relative amounts of proteins in individual bands changed. Sulfhydryl groups in the protein bands were stained with 2,2-dihydroxy-6,6-dinaphthyl disulfi...

Heterogeneous ice nuclei are necessary, and the common epiphytic ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria Pseudomonas syringae van Hall and Erwinia herbicola (Löhnis) Dye are sufficient to incite frost injury to sensitive plants at -5 degrees C. The ice nucleation activity of the bacteria occurs at the same temperatures at which frost injury to sensitive plants occurs in nature. Bacterial ice nucle...

At orbit insertion on 14 November 1971 the Martian surface was largely obscured by a dust haze with an extinction optical depth that ranged from near unity in the south polar region to probably greater than 2 over most of the planet. The only features clearly visible were the south polar cap, one dark, spot in Nix Olympica, and three dark spots in the Tharsis region. During the third week the a...

New spectrophotometry from 1.5 to 2.5 /zm is reported for the Uranian satellites Titania, Oberon, and Umbriel. A spectrum of the rings of Uranus from 2.0 to 2.4/zm is also reported. No evidence is found for frost covering the surface of the ring material, consistent with the low albedo of the rings (P~ = 0.03) previously reported by Nicholson and Jones (1980). The surfaces of the satellites are...

The volcanically active Jovian satellite Io has a tenuous S02 atmosphere. The color of S02 is markedly different tha]~ the color of Io as a whole in the 0.4 to 0.6 ~m region. We have exploited this fact to search Voyager 2 images for the condensation of S02 frost on its nightsicle. Measurements of the color of the dayside of Io, and the same geographical region at night. (illuminated by Jupiter...

Spontaneous movement of condensed matter provides a new insight to efficiently improve condensation heat transfer on superhydrophobic surface. However, very few reports have shown the jumping behaviors on the sprayable superhydrophobic coatings. Here, we developed a sprayable silica nano-porous coating assembled by fluorinated nano-chains to survey the condensates' dynamics. The dewdrops were c...