Structural brain changes are found in suicide attempters and patients with mental disorders. It remains unclear whether the suicidal behaviors related to atrophy of regions how morphology specific areas is changing each attempt. The sample consisted 56 hospitalized after first attempt (first SA) (n = 29), more than one (SA > 1) 27) 54 healthy controls (HC). Brain volume was measured using Fr...

INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal α-synuclein in selected regions of the brain following a gradient of severity with disease progression. Whether this is accompanied by globally altered protein synthesis is poorly documented. The present study was carried out in PD stages 1-6 of Braak and middle-aged (MA) individuals without alterations in br...

Theories of spatial attentional control have been largely based upon studies of patients suffering from visuospatial neglect, resulting from circumscribed lesions of frontal and posterior parietal cortex. In the intact brain, the control of spatial attention has been related to a distributed frontoparietal attention network. Little is known about the nature of the control mechanisms exerted by ...

prenatal stress in rats results in structural, physiological and behavioral alterations that persist in adulthood. serotonin (5-ht) is an important neurotransmitter known to be involved in these prenatal stress-induced behavioral alterations. the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of interrupted synthesis of 5-ht and immobilization stress during different gestational period on brai...

Follow-up data of 2 to 49 years' duration are presented on 257 patients with cortical excisions for non-tumoral frontal lobe epilepsy. Twenty-six percent have become and remained seizure free. Another 30% have had a marked reduction of seizure tendency. Thus a total of 56% have had a long term complete or marked reduction of seizure tendency after the cortical resection. The cortical resections...

Mirror neurons respond when executing a motor act and when observing others' similar act. So far, mirror neurons have been found only in macaques, humans, and songbirds. To investigate the degree of phylogenetic specialization of mirror neurons during the course of their evolution, we determined whether mirror neurons with similar properties to macaques occur in a New World monkey, the common m...

Modern neuroscientific research help to solve the impotent challenge in curriculum design and teaching for enhancing students’ ability to organize information in a way that makes it efficient in response to an appropriate context such as problem solving and critical thinking via knowing about the mechanism of different type of memories especially long term memory. At first, we should to c...

We have studied the effects of ketamine and pentobarbitone on acetylcholine (ACh) release from the rat frontal cortex using microdialysis. Ketamine 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 increased ACh release from the frontal cortex to 286%, 253% and 381% of basal release, respectively. In contrast, pentobarbitone 10, 20 and 40 mg kg-1 caused 73%, 78% and 96% inhibition of basal levels, respectively. The resul...

There are several eye fields in the primate frontal cortex. The number and location of these oculomotor control zones remain controversial, especially in the human brain. In the monkey, the frontal eye field (FEF) is located in the rostral bank of the arcuate sulcus at approximately the level of the posterior end of the sulcus principalis, the supplementary eye field (SEF) is located on the dor...

The role of executive function training in supporting child development has been increasingly studied. Executive is largely related to the prefrontal cortex. anterior portion cortex, which area 10 on Brodmann map, essential for emergence higher-order functions. Accumulating evidence indicates that mental abacus training, closely mathematics education, activates Based these findings, it can be h...