As countries prepare to take decisions on the Biosafety Protocol’s (BSP) documentation requirements for shipments of living modified organisms (LMOs) intended for food, feed and processing (LMOs-FFP), many questions remain about the appropriate ways that the BSP might be implemented and about its potential impacts. The International Food & Agricultural Trade Policy Council (IPC) has consistentl...

As countries prepare to take decisions on the Biosafety Protocol’s (BSP) documentation requirements for shipments of living modified organisms (LMOs) intended for food, feed and processing (LMOs-FFP), many questions remain about the appropriate ways that the BSP might be implemented and about its potential impacts. Answers to these questions are particularly important for developing countries t...

There continues to be a general but unfounded enthusiasm for fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or frozen plasma (FP) usage across a range of clinical specialties in hospital practice. Plasma for transfusion is most often used where there are abnormal coagulation screening tests, either therapeutically in the face of bleeding, or prophylactically in nonbleeding patients prior to invasive procedures or s...

a. estimate a software size from its requirements, early in the life of a project b. enter that size together with other parameters into formulae to estimate project effort and duration (where the formulae had been calibrated on recently-completed projects in the same domain) c. track the software size as requirements evolve (e.g. for contract control purposes) and compute project performance p...