Earth’s landscape is continually evolving as land uplifted by tectonic and volcanic processes is eroded by water, ice, and wind. On Earth, the dominant landforms have been produced by the action of rivers and glaciers transporting material from mountains to the sea. The amount and proportion of water and ice available for changing the landscape are both sensitive to climatic regime, so that a s...

BACKGROUND: Water quality improvement is potentially an important function of wetlands. Mechanisms that occur in wetlands, such as sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, precipitation, decomposition, and uptake and metabolism, can act to reduce concentrations of problematic water quality constituents flowing into wetlands. Similarly, streams, ponds, and lakes can act as natural treatment system...

Upon flowing hot steam over hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) bulk powder, efficient exfoliation and hydroxylation of BN occur simultaneously. Through effective hydrogen bonding with water and N-isopropylacrylamide, edge-hydroxylated BN nanosheets dramatically improve the dimensional change and dye release of this temperature-sensitive hydrogel and thereby enhance its efficacy in bionic, soft robo...

In May 2016, an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infections occurred among children who had played in a stream flowing through a park. Analysis of E. coli isolates from the patients, stream water, and deer and coyote scat showed that feces from deer were the most likely source of contamination.

The assumptions that form our focus in this study are water or water-ethylene glycol flowing around a horizontal cylinder, containing hybrid nanoparticles, affected by magnetic force, and under constant wall temperature, addition to considering free convection. Tiwari–Das model is employed highlight the influence of nanoparticles volume fraction on flow characteristics. A numerical approximate ...

Hydrographic and tracer [chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), component F11] data in the tropical Atlantic off Brazil taken in spring 1994 are used to describe the development of the water mass characteristics of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) between 10°S and 11°N. To compute the AABW transports, geostrophic computations and directly measured velocity fields are combined. Velocity profiles were measured w...

3.1 Overview 3.2 Overview of Nodal Analysis 3.3 Selection and Determination of Tubing and Production Casing Sizes for Flowing Wells Importance of Sensitivity Analysis of Tubing Size Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of Tubing Size of Flowing Well Optimization Method Based on Surface Tubing Pressure Derived by Given Separator Pressure Optimization Method Based on the Given Wellhead Tubing Pr...

In the flowing fluid electric conductivity (FEC) logging method, wellbore fluid is replaced with de-ionized water, following which FEC profiles in the wellbore are measured at a series of times while the well is pumped at a constant rate. Locations were fluid enters the wellbore show peaks in the FEC logs, which may be analyzed to infer inflow strengths and salinities of permeable features inte...

Identifying flows into, out of, and across boreholes is important for characterizing aquifers, determining the depth at which water enters boreholes, and determining the locations and rates of outflow. This study demonstrates how Single Borehole Dilution Tests (SBDTs) carried out under natural head conditions provide a simple and cheap method of identifying vertical flow within boreholes and de...

Polyacrylamide (PAM) use in irrigation for erosion control has increased water infiltration and reduced soil erosion. This has improved runoff water quality via lower concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous, and pesticides, and decreased biological oxygen demand. Since non-toxic high molecular weight anionic PAMs removed clay size sediment particles in flowing water, we hypothesized that PAM wo...