Cellulosic fibers in aqueous suspensions are subject to flocculation effects that involve two contrasting scales of dimension. The net effect of flocculation determines how uniformly fibers can become formed into a sheet during the manufacture of paper. At a macroscopic level, the highly elongated shape of typical wood-derived fibers in agitated suspensions can give rise to frequent inter-fiber...

An integrated fluidized bed bioreactor (iFBBR) was designed to incorporate an aerobic sponge FBBR (ASB-FBBR) into an anoxic granular activated carbon FBBR (GAC-FBBR). This iFBBR was operated with and without adding a new starch based flocculant (NSBF) to treat synthetic primary treated sewage effluent (PTSE). The NSBF contains starch based cationic flocculants and trace nutrients. The results i...

I N A PREVIOUS REPORT (1), a postulate based on chemical concepts was described which forms the basis of a study of certain steroids possessing seroflocculating properties. The primary objective of the research is the uncovering of a reagent to assist in the diagnosis of disease, perhaps for types of cancer. Secondarily, if that goal is not reached, a reagent suitable for use in a health cleara...

Harvesting of algal biomass in biodiesel production involves high energy input and cost incurred process. In order to overcome these problems, bioflocculation process was employed and the efficiency of this process was further improved by the addition of a cationic inducer. In this work marine Bacillus subtilis was used for bioflocculation of Nannochloropsis oculata and ZnCl2 as cationic induce...

Expansion of urban populations, increased coverage of domestic water supply and sewerage give rise to greater quantities of municipal wastewater. With the current emphasis on environmental health and water pollution issues, there is an increasing discharge of waste water in developing countries. Present technologies in developing countries for treating waste water are not sufficient and cost ef...

Previously, the analysis of energy demand for wastewater treatment was often limited to onedimensional analyses of electricity demand. However, a comprehensive analysis requires the inclusion of all different contributions to energy demand, such as the energy required to produce chemicals (e.g. coagulants and flocculants) and transport sludge, and the additional fuels needed to dry sewage sludg...

The oil sands mining and extraction processes in Canada produce large volumes of tailings that are a mixture of mainly water, clay, sand, chemicals and bitumen. This residue is deposited into tailings ponds where sand settles faster than fine clays which require many years to fully consolidate. Therefore, land reclamation and water recirculation become significant environmental impacts. The tai...

The treatment of water from paint spray booths in automobile assembly plants typically involves applications of large quantity of chemicals as coagulants and flocculants. Suspended paint solids are brought to water surface in sludge pits after these chemicals are added. The suspended paint particles are then mechanically collected and removed as sludge for further treatment and disposal. There ...