BACKGROUND Malachite green chloride is a dye used to prevent fungus infections in commercial fisheries. Leucomalachite green is formed from malachite green and remains in the tissues of exposed fish. We studied the effects of malachite green on female rats and female mice, and the effects of leucomalachite green on male and female rats and female mice, to identify potential toxic or cancer-rela...

Source of Compounds. DMBA was supplied by EGA-Chemie, Steinheim, Germany, and l,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene (1,2,3,4DBA) by Nutritional Biochemicals Co., Cleveland, Ohio. The labeled compounds thymidine-3H and uridine-3H were purchased from the Radiochemical Centre, Amersham, En gland. The cocarcinogenic compound Al was prepared by Dr. H. Bresch, Heidelberg, Germany. Mice. Four-week-old inbred male ...

BACKGROUND Sex differences have been described in a number of pulmonary diseases. However, the impact of ozone exposure followed by pneumonia infection on sex-related survival and macrophage function have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ozone exposure differentially affects: 1) survival of male and female mice infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 2) the...

Estrogens have antiinflammatory actions and protect the brain from ischemic injury. Cerebral ischemia is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction that contributes to the tissue damage, an effect mediated in part by toxic amounts of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS). Therefore, estrogens may protect the female brain by modulating postischemic iNOS expressio...

In the course of experiments employing methylcholanthrene as a carcinogen after India ink injections, an entirely unexpected occurrence of adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland was encountered in female mice of 2 distinct strains. A similar result occurred without the previous injection of India ink. As the usual result following methylcholanthrene administration subcutaneously is sarcoma, the pr...

Gold nanoparticles have received wide interest in disease diagnosis and therapy, but one of the important issues is their toxicological effects in vivo. Sex differences in the toxicity of gold nanoparticles are not clear. In this work, body weight, organ weight, hematology, and biochemistry were used to evaluate sex differences in immune response and liver and kidney damage. Pathology was used ...

Psychological stress due to social isolation is known to cause abnormal feeding behaviors, but the influences of gender and aging on subchronic stress-induced changes in feeding behaviors are unknown. Thus, we examined the changes in body weight, food intake, and orexigenic ghrelin-related factors during 2 weeks of isolation stress in young and aged mice. Food intake increased significantly in ...

STGC3 is a potential tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We previously found that CNE2 cells that re-expressed STGC3 formed smaller tumors in female mice than in male mice. Here, we investigated the sexual dimorphism of STGC3 as a tumor-suppressor in female and male nude mice injected subcutaneously with pcDNA3.1(+)-STGC3/CNE2 cells. ER-α was positively expressed in vitro in the CNE2 ...

It was recently reported that female mice lacking a functional vomeronasal organ (VNO) displayed male-typical sexual behavior indiscriminately toward female and male conspecifics. These results have been cited as showing that a circuit controlling male-typical sex behavior exists in both sexes, with its activation in females being tonically inhibited by VNO signaling, independent of adult sex h...