Imidazol(in)e compounds show the diversity of pharmacological effects including mydriasis, hypotension, sedation, bradycardia and hypothermia. At first it was postulated that these effects are mediated via α2-adrenoceptors exclusively. Clonidine is well known as a model agent to produce pupillary dilation in rats. However, it became obvious later that clonidine-like imidazol(in)e adrenoceptor a...

a simple, fast, efficient and environmentally friendly method for synthesis of benzimidazole and its 2-alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl substituted derivatives was developed using zeolite hy. two component cyclolcondensation of 1,2-phenylenediamine (o-phenylenediamine) and commercially available carboxylic acids catalyzed by zeolite hy without any solvent, under microwave irradiation led to formation...

It has recently been demonstrated that the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe activates phospholipase D (PLD) in dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated HL-60 granulocytes to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and, in the presence of ethanol, phosphatidylethanol (PEt) (Pai, J.-K., Siegel, M. I., Egan, R. W., and Billah, M. M. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 12472-12477). We now report that biologically ...

Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling of unactivated secondary alkyl iodides with alkyl Grignard reagents in the presence of 1,3-butadiene as a ligand precursor was developed. The use of 1,3-butadiene resulted in improved yields of alkyl-alkyl products with improved selectivities.

Intermolecular Heck reaction of common alkyl halides, a longstanding problem in palladium catalysis, is realized with a simple Pd/dppf catalyst. Both primary and secondary alkyl halides are suitable for coupling with aromatic olefins. Single electron transfer from (dppf)Pd(0) to alkyl halide initiated the catalytic cycle and gave alkyl radicals.

To explore soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation mechanisms, the dynamics of C functional groups and macroaggregation were studied synchronously through aggregate fractionation and (13)C NMR spectroscopy in sandy loam soil following an 18-year application of compost and fertilizer in China. Compared with no fertilizer control, both compost and fertilizer improved SOC content, while the applica...

Piperazine derivatives have been identified as new antidiabetic compounds. Structure-activity relationship studies in a series of 1-benzyl-4-alkyl-2-(4',5'-dihydro-1'H-imidazol-2'-yl)piperazines resulted in the identification of 1-methyl-4-(2', 4'-dichlorobenzyl)-2-(4',5'-dihydro-1'H-imidazol-2'-yl)piperazine, PMS 812 (S-21663), as a highly potent antidiabetic agent on a rat model of diabetes, ...