To learn whether horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections in gustatory papillae on the tongue can be used to study central topographical projections of taste buds and papillae, injections were made into the circumvallate papilla in rats. Labeled central projections after papilla injections were compared to projections after applying HRP to the cut glossopharyngeal nerve. Papilla injections resul...

Human hearing sensitivity is easily compromised with overexposure to excessively loud sounds, leading to permanent hearing damage. Consequently, finding activities and/or experiential factors that distinguish "tender" from "tough" ears (i.e., acoustic vulnerability) would be important for identifying people at higher risk for hearing damage. To regulate sound transmission and protect the inner ...

INTRODUCTION Abnormalities in auditory function of newborns may occur not only because of preterm birth, but also from the use of medications and from diseases related to prematurity. OBJECTIVE To analyze the inhibitory effect from stimulation of the olivocochlear efferent system on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in preterm neonates, comparing these data with those from full-term neon...

L-type Ca2+ channels predominantly influence preglomerular arterioles, but there is less information regarding the role of T-type Ca2+ channels in regulating the renal microvasculature. We compared the effects of T- and L-type channel blockade on afferent and efferent arterioles using the in vitro blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephron preparation. Single afferent or efferent arterioles of Sprag...

There is evidence that the metabolic responses to afferent and efferent nervous activity are dissociated at sites of neuronal excitation in brain. Whether efferent activity follows afferent activity depends on the responsiveness of postsynaptic neurons, which in turn depends on the summation of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. The afferent activity excites the presynaptic term...