نتایج جستجو برای: earth atmosphere

تعداد نتایج: 143613  

2015
Françoise Bringel Ivan Couée

The phyllosphere, which lato sensu consists of the aerial parts of plants, and therefore primarily, of the set of photosynthetic leaves, is one of the most prevalent microbial habitats on earth. Phyllosphere microbiota are related to original and specific processes at the interface between plants, microorganisms and the atmosphere. Recent -omics studies have opened fascinating opportunities for...

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2008
Espen Bjertness Knut Stamnes Jakob J. Stamnes

The spectral distribution of the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface depends on the irradiance emitted by the Sun, the Earth-Sun distance, and the transmission properties of the atmosphere. The changing Earth-Sun distance due to an eccentric orbit implies that the irradiance received at the top of the atmosphere varies with an annual cycle, being 6.9% above and below the yearly mean. T...

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Journal: :فیزیک زمین و فضا 0
مهدی اسحاق لارش اریک شوبرگ

the dedicated satellite mission goce will sense various small mass variations along its path around the earth. here we study the effect of the earth’s topography and atmosphere on goce data. the effects depend on the magnitude of topographic height, and they will therefore vary by region. as the effect of the atmosphere and topography must be removed from the total gravity anomaly prior to geoi...

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2009
M. Lefort M. Maurette

Introduction: Meteoroids with sizes ~100–200 µm represent the dominant mass fraction of the extraterrestrial material accreted by the Earth. Those that survive unmelted upon atmospheric entry can be recovered as micrometeorites in Antarctica ices and snows (AMMs). Their analysis show that ~99% of the meteoroids are related to the most volatile– rich meteorites, the hydrous carbonaceous chondrit...

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2017
Peter M. H. Kroneck

In this volume of the Metal Ions in Life Sciences series the mastering of dioxygen (O2), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3) by mainly manganese-, ironand copper-dependent metalloenzymes and their biomimetic complexes is discussed. It is closely related to Volume 14, The Metal-Driven Biogeochemistry of Gaseous Compounds in the Environment, which deals with the biogeochemistry of gases including di...

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2017
A. Voigt

I study the Hadley circulation of a completely icecovered Snowball Earth through simulations with a comprehensive atmosphere general circulation model. Because the Snowball Earth atmosphere is an example of a dry atmosphere, these simulations allow me to test to what extent dry theories and idealized models capture the dynamics of realistic dry Hadley circulations. Perpetual off-equatorial as w...

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2015
Gordon Bonan

When viewed from space, Earth is seen as a blue marble. The dominant features of the planet are the blue of the oceans and the white of the clouds traversing the atmosphere. It is an image of fluids – water and air – in motion. Indeed, the study of Earth’s climate is dominated by the geophysical principles of fluid dynamics. With closer inspection, however, one can discern land masses – the con...

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2008
Saumitra Mukherjee

SOHO satellite data reveals geophysical changes before sudden changes in the Earth's Sun-Earth environment. The influence of extragalactic changes on the Sun as well as the Sun-Earth environment seems to be both periodic and episodic. The periodic changes in terms of solar maxima and minima occur every 11 years, whereas the episodic changes can happen at any time. Episodic changes can be monito...

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Journal: :Astrobiology 2010
J Lee Grenfell Heike Rauer Franck Selsis Lisa Kaltenegger Charles Beichman William Danchi Carlos Eiroa Malcolm Fridlund Thomas Henning Tom Herbst Helmut Lammer Alain Léger René Liseau Jonathan Lunine Francesco Paresce Alan Penny Andreas Quirrenbach Huub Röttgering Jean Schneider Daphne Stam Giovanna Tinetti Glenn J White

After Earth's origin, our host star, the Sun, was shining 20-25% less brightly than today. Without greenhouse-like conditions to warm the atmosphere, our early planet would have been an ice ball, and life may never have evolved. But life did evolve, which indicates that greenhouse gases must have been present on early Earth to warm the planet. Evidence from the geological record indicates an ab...

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1996
Stephen E. Schwartz

Loadings of tropospheric aerosols have increased substantially over the past 150 yr as a consequence of industrial activities. These aerosols enhance reflection of solar radiation by the Earth-atmosphere system both directly, by scattering light in clear air and, indirectly, by increasing the reflectivity of clouds. The magnitude of the resultant decrease in absorption of solar radiation is est...

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  • " +i+ "
    • "; pgn_html+=pgn_li; } document.getElementById("pgn-ul").innerHTML=pgn_html var pgn_links = document.querySelectorAll('.mypgn'); pgn_links.forEach(function(pgn_link) { pgn_link.addEventListener('click', paginate) }) } function post_and_fetch(data,url) { showLoading() xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open('POST', url, true); xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'); xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { if (xhr.readyState === 4 && xhr.status === 200) { var resp = xhr.responseText; resp_json=JSON.parse(resp) resp_place = document.getElementById("search_result_div") resp_place.innerHTML = resp_json['results'] search_meta = resp_json['meta'] update_search_meta(search_meta) update_pagination() hideLoading() } }; xhr.send(JSON.stringify(data)); } function unfilter() { url=/search_year_filter/ var term=document.getElementById("search_meta_data").dataset.term var data={ "year":"unfilter", "term":term, "pgn":1 } filtered_res=post_and_fetch(data,url) } function deactivate_all_bars(){ var yrchart = document.querySelectorAll('.ct-bar'); yrchart.forEach(function(bar) { bar.dataset.active = false bar.style = "stroke:#71a3c5;" }) } year_chart.on("created", function() { var yrchart = document.querySelectorAll('.ct-bar'); yrchart.forEach(function(check) { check.addEventListener('click', checkIndex); }) }); function checkIndex(event) { var yrchart = document.querySelectorAll('.ct-bar'); var year_bar = event.target if (year_bar.dataset.active == "true") { unfilter_res = unfilter() year_bar.dataset.active = false year_bar.style = "stroke:#1d2b3699;" } else { deactivate_all_bars() year_bar.dataset.active = true year_bar.style = "stroke:#e56f6f;" filter_year = chart_data['labels'][Array.from(yrchart).indexOf(year_bar)] url=/search_year_filter/ var term=document.getElementById("search_meta_data").dataset.term var data={ "year":filter_year, "term":term, "pgn":1 } filtered_res=post_and_fetch(data,url) } } function showLoading() { document.getElementById("loading").style.display = "block"; setTimeout(hideLoading, 10000); // 10 seconds } function hideLoading() { document.getElementById("loading").style.display = "none"; } -->