Gene duplication is the fundamental source of new genes. Biases in duplication have profound implications for the dynamics of gene content during evolution. In this article, we compare genes arising from whole gene duplication (WGD), smaller scale duplication (SSD) and singletons in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results demonstrate that genes duplicated by WGD and SSD are similarly biased with ...

Data deduplication is a crucial technique for packing data and reducing duplication when transferring data. It widely used in the cloud to restrict usage of capacity memory aids transmission sparing. Before redistributing data, an encryption mechanism ensure integrity sensitive during process. The SHA algorithm being save text format. To generate security bits, padding appended text. In de-dupl...

The presence of too many or too few centrosomes at mitosis can disrupt the timely formation of a bipolar spindle and may lead to aneuploidy and cancer. Strict control of centrosome duplication is therefore crucial. Centrosome duplication must occur once per cell cycle and the number of new centrioles made must be tightly controlled. The importance of protein degradation for the orderly progress...