Speech perception entails both top-down processing that relies primarily on language experience and bottom-up processing that depends mainly on instant auditory input. Previous models of speech perception often claim that bottom-up processing occurs in an early time window, whereas top-down processing takes place in a late time window after stimulus onset. In this paper, we evaluated the tempor...

The speed of visual processing is central to our understanding of face perception. Yet the extent to which early visual processing influences later processing in distributed face processing networks, and the top-down modulation of such bottom-up effects, remains unclear. We used simultaneous EEG-fMRI to investigate cortical activity that showed unique covariation with ERP components of face pro...

in this research, the influence of chemical composition of slags and the melting rate on the impurity of commercial grade iron in esr processing has been investigated.the chemical composition and microstructure studies were evaluated, using spectrophotometer,omand edx analyses attached to sem.the results show that esr process has successfully reduced the amount and size of inclusions. in some c...

We propose a novel model-concept of selective sound segregation based on Auditory Scene Analysis and then describe implementation of a prototype model for selectively segregating a target musical instrument sound from the mixed sound of various musical instruments. This model is extended from our previously proposed model of segregating two acoustic sources (Unoki and Akagi, Speech Communicatio...

We propose a novel model-concept of selective sound segregation based on Auditory Scene Analysis and then describe implementation of a prototype model for selectively segregating a target musical instrument sound from the mixed sound of various musical instruments. This model is extended from our previously proposed model of segregating two acoustic sources (Unoki and Akagi, Speech Communicatio...

The capacity to rapidly adjust behavioral strategies according to changing task demands is closely associated with coordinated activity in lateral and medial prefrontal cortices. Subdivisions within prefrontal cortex are implicated to encode attentional task sets and to update changing task rules, particularly when changing task demands require top-down control. Here, we tested whether these to...

Several recent studies have demonstrated that the bottom-up signaling of a visual stimulus is subserved by interareal gamma-band synchronization, whereas top-down influences are mediated by alpha-beta band synchronization. These processes may implement top-down control of stimulus processing if top-down and bottom-up mediating rhythms are coupled via cross-frequency interaction. To test this po...