despite the long history of the worldwide use of bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccine, a wide spectrum of adverse reactions has been observed in a small proportion of immunized infants; the most severe complication, disseminated bcgitis, is often fatal but exceedingly rare and is considered to result from host immunodeficiency. at present, ct scan, ultrasound, x-ray and bone marrow aspiration...

disseminated tuberculosis (tb) is commonly seen in hiv-infected patients and is major cause of death in these patients. in hiv-infected patients disseminated tuberculosis is frequently undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. in this article we report a case of disseminated tb in a hiv-infected patient with a relatively long history of fever and other complaints without definite diagnosis. diagnosis of dis...

conclusions combination therapy with surgical excision has a synergistic effect and appears to be the best treatment for extended lesions. however, new potent antibacterial drugs may help to improve the management of such infections when there are sufficient data on their in vitro activity. introduction nocardia species are described as opportunistic pathogens that mainly cause pulmonary nocard...

abstract objective this article reports on an 5-month-old infant who was admitted to our hospital for prolonged fever, focal status epilepticus and encephalopathy. brain magnetic resonance imaging (mri) demonstrated a single hyperintense lesion in right putamen in t2-weighted images. a diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis was made based on the clinical features, treatment response ...

bcg (bacille calmette–guérin) vaccine is administered worldwide to prevent severe forms of tuberculosis. it is considered to be safe; however, occasional complications are seen. the most serious complication is bcgosis. we report a case of bcgosis with granulomatous hepatitis and acid-fast bacilli in liver and spleen. we treated the patient with antituberculosis drugs without any response to tr...

background occurrence of hypersplenism in tb is very rare. we report a case of dtb with hypersplenism presentation. case presentation a 23year old man was admitted with complaints of fever, night sweats, anorexia, headache, shortness of breath, early satiety that had started 10 days ago. he had been well until 9 months ago, when early satiety developed for the first time. physical and ultrasono...

The term leishmaniasis comprises a group of diseases caused by different species of a protozoon called Leishmania. Leishmaniasis is found worldwide, and is considered to be endemic in 88 countries. There are three main clinical forms of leishmaniasis: visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Exclusive involvement of the mucosa is very rare. We present a s...

Leishmaniasis, an infectious disease endemic in tropical, Asian and southern European countries, is caused by obligate intramacrophage protozoa and is transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. More than 20 leishmanial species are responsible for four main clinical syndromes: cutaneous leishmaniasis; mucocutaneous leishmaniasis; visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, a...

The occurrence of mixed infections of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. is becoming a common feature in Central and South America due to overlapping endemic areas. Unfortunately, the possibilities for treating flagellated kinetoplastid infections are still very limited and most of the available drugs exhibit severe side effects. Although the development of new drugs for Leishmania has marke...