نتایج جستجو برای: discounting

تعداد نتایج: 4926  

Journal: :International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2021

Abstract Although the weighting of environmental impacts against each other is well established in life cycle assessment practice, occurring at different points time still controversial. This temporal also known as discounting, which due to its potential offend principles intergenerational equity, often rejected or regarded unethical. In our literature review, we found multiple disputes regardi...

Journal: :Journal of Vision 2010

Journal: :Journal of International Money and Finance 1995

Journal: :SSRN Electronic Journal 2014

2015
Sarah A. Eisenstein Danuta M. Gredysa Jo Ann Antenor–Dorsey Leonard Green Ana Maria Arbeláez Jonathan M. Koller Kevin J. Black Joel S. Perlmutter Stephen M. Moerlein Tamara Hershey Sidney Arthur Simon

Animal research finds that insulin regulates dopamine signaling and reward behavior, but similar research in humans is lacking. We investigated whether individual differences in body mass index, percent body fat, pancreatic β-cell function, and dopamine D2 receptor binding were related to reward discounting in obese and non-obese adult men and women. Obese (n = 27; body mass index>30) and non-o...

Journal: :Oxford Economic Papers 1995

Journal: :Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 2006

Journal: :Mathematical Social Sciences 2004
Robin Pemantle Brian Skyrms

We investigate a simple stochastic model of social network formation by the process of reinforcement learning with discounting of the past. In the limit, for any value of the discounting parameter, small, stable cliques are formed. However, the time it takes to reach the limiting state in which cliques have formed is very sensitive to the discounting parameter. Depending on this value, the limi...

Journal: :Addiction 2001
W K Bickel L A Marsch

Behavioral economics examines conditions that influence the consumption of commodities and provides several concepts that may be instrumental in understanding drug dependence. One such concept of significance is that of how delayed reinforcers are discounted by drug dependent individuals. Discounting of delayed reinforcers refers to the observation that the value of a delayed reinforcer is disc...

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