Today’s enterprise environment is more sophisticated than ever and being able to manage this complexity is not possible without having a planned approach. Enterprise architecture (EA) has emerge as a planned approach to mitigate the organizational complexities and control the constant environmental changes. However, despite the numerous EA development step-by-step methods and approaches not all...

right of enforcement developed to the right of effective enforcement which both rooted in judicial protection. effective enforcement needs to foresee clear and useful, expeditious and cheap methods that helps the collection of defendant’s financial information and facilitates voluntary enforcement of judgment and finally use of professional and independent persons in execution process. in irani...

this paper aims to investigate the current status of management development in academic libraries and it identifies the deterrent factors in administering management development programs. in order to fulfill the aim of the study, 268 managers from 73 academic libraries answered the questions on their need to management development and the current performance of their organizations. they also pr...