BACKGROUND Facial nerve is easy to be damaged, and there are many reconstructive methods for facial nerve reconstructive, such as facial nerve end to end anastomosis, the great auricular nerve graft, the sural nerve graft, or hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis. However, there is still little study about great auricular-facial nerve neurorrhaphy. The aim of the present study was to identify th...

Transgenic Drosophila are highly useful for structure-function studies of muscle proteins. However, our ability to mechanically analyze transgenically expressed mutant proteins in Drosophila muscles has been limited to the skinned indirect flight muscle preparation. We have developed a new muscle preparation using the Drosophila tergal depressor of the trochanter (TDT or jump) muscle that incre...

Increased resistance in the upper airway is known to be a contributing factor to deviant facial growth patterns. These patterns are the result of a prolonged presence of unbalanced oropharyngeal muscle activity. We hypothesized that mechanically increasing airway resistance would enhance the activity of the muscles facilitating respiration, and we attempted to demonstrate that the increased mus...

NaSi-1 is a Na(+)-sulfate cotransporter expressed on the apical membrane of the renal proximal tubule and plays an important role in sulfate reabsorption. To understand the molecular mechanisms that mediate the regulation of NaSi-1, we have isolated and characterized the mouse NaSi-1 cDNA (mNaSi-1), gene (Nas1), and promoter region and determined Nas1 chromosomal localization. The mNaSi-1 cDNA ...

The effects of piretanide and furosemide on systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rate were examined in the anesthetized dog and the effects on atrial rate and contractile force were assessed in isolated atrial muscle perfused with heparinized arterial blood from a donor dog. When piretanide was administered intravenously to intact dogs, the depressor and bradycardic responses were produce...

METHODS We performed a retrospective comparison between 2 surgical procedures: our modified technique of selective endoscopic myotomies of corrugator supercilii, depressor supercilii, and procerus muscles6–8 for frontal migraine (group A) versus the surgical isolation of the greater and the lesser occipital nerves for disease originating on the posterior region (group B). Both procedures were p...

the presence of anatomic variations of paranasal sinuses must be noted in order to attain a full understanding and accurate diagnosis of chronic sinusitis. the frequency of anatomic variations in chronic sinusitis is different in various studies. the purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of anatomic variations in chronic sinusitis patients admitted to otolaryngology ward of shahid sa...