Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) are frequently observed in pediatric dental patients. Proper diagnosis may improve the clinician's dental care. The purpose of this article is to present the clinical management of some common dental defects: (1) hypoplasia; (2) diffuse and demarcated opacities; (3) fluorosis; (4) amelogenesis imperfecto (Al); and (5) dentinogenesis imperfecto (DI). The com...

Nowadays, lasers are widely used in many fields of medicine. Also, they can be applied at many branches of dental practice such as diagnosis, preventive procedures, restorative treatments, and endodontic therapies. Procedures like caries removal, re-mineralization, and vital pulp therapy are the most noticeable effects of laser irradiation which has gained much attention among clinicians. With ...

Linda Shields PhD, FRCNA, Professor of Nursing, University of Limerick, Ireland This is one of a series of short papers on aspects of research by Alison Twycross and Linda Shields Just because a research study has been published in a journal does not mean that it is good research or that the results are applicable to your area of clinical practice. When reading a paper, it is necessary to consi...

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a very common, inherited autosomal dominant disease. It characterized by deformity and fragility in bone structure, blue sclera, hearing loss, scoliosis, dentinogenesis imperfecta. Molecular studies have shown that the cause of OI mutation genes named COLIA1 COLIA2 both chains collagen. Biochemical tests examine collagen structure or molecular DNA are used for ma...