which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Studies showed that Iranian pregnant women did not take enough calcium and dairy products such as milk (1). Adequate milk consumption is crucial during pregnancy to meet calcium needs (2). Various factors such as attitudes, beliefs, habit, sensory and expectations are dete...

BACKGROUND Hand hygiene compliance has improved significantly through hand hygiene promotion programs that have included poster campaign, monitoring and performance feedback, and education with special attentions to perceived subjective norms. We investigated factors associated with improved hand hygiene compliance, focusing on whether the improvement of hand hygiene compliance is associated wi...

The COVID-19 pandemic has entirely changed the patterns of behavior in market. Physical distance, quarantine measures, safety and security protocols, shortages along entire supply chain, have particularly affected placement food products. In this regard, paper aims to define impact various indicators on products during pandemic. An empirical study was conducted a sample 248 final consumers. ana...

The adhesion of the solids presents in food can difficult the process of surface cleaning and promotes the bacterial adhesion process and can trigger health problems. In our study, we used UHT whole milk, chocolate based milk and infant formula to evaluate the adhesion of Enterobacter sakazakii on stainless steel coupons, and we determine the work of adhesion by measuring the contact angle as w...

907 undergraduate level. There are problems at the end of each chapter and a glossary as in the previous edition. In spite of the revision the bibliography is inadequate and only a few of the more recent references are given. There are several textbooks for college students that deal with this subject, and each illustrates the difficulties which face the single author who attempts to forge a co...

In the past 25 years, Listeria monocytogenes has become increasingly important as a food-associated pathogen. Most European Union countries have an annual incidence of human listeriosis of between two and ten reported cases per million. Because of its high case fatality rate, listeriosis ranks among the most frequent causes of death due to food-borne illness. Listeria monocytogenes infections a...

in this retrospective study the recorded data from 75 dairies 2932 cows with papillomatous digital dermatitis “pdd” were considered and a simple scoring system for assessing cow cleanliness was used to determine whether hygiene scores were correlated with individual pdd cow. screening cows at the parlor by using a water hose method and verification the case following inspecting restrained cows ...