American industries have grown more concentrated over the last 40 years. In absence of productivity innovation, this should lead to price hikes and output reductions, decreasing consumer welfare. With US census data from 1972 2012, I use disentangle revenue output. Industry-level estimates show that concentration increases are positively correlated real growth, uncorrelated with changes overall...

A new series of layered perovskite-like oxides Bi3−xNdxTi1.5W0.5O9 (x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0) was synthesized by the method high-temperature solid-state reaction, in which partial substitution bismuth (Bi) atoms dodecahedra perovskite layer (A-positions) Nd takes place. X-ray structural studies have shown that all compounds are single-phase and structure Aurivillius phases (APs), with close par...

Understanding various aspects of ferroelectricity in hafnia-based nanomaterials is vital importance for the development future nonvolatile memory and logic devices. Here, unconventional weak electromechanical response epitaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 ferroelectric capacitors investigated, via sensitivity offered by nanobeam X-ray diffraction experiments during applicatio...

PZT-Poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites were prepared by hot-pressing method. Before addition, PZT particles were firstly modified with two different coupling agents. The micromorphology, microstructure, dielectric properties, and piezoelectric properties of the composites were characterized and investigated. Results indicated that PZT particles were homogeneously dispersed in the PVDF matrix ...

The paper analyses the relationship between within-country income inequality and policies of domestic liberalization and external globalization. The models used to provide the rationale for such reforms—such as the Hecksher-Ohlin model—usually predict a decline in inequality. However, the evidence shows that inequality often rose with the introduction of such reforms. The paper tries to explain...

Design of experiments and multiphysics analyses were used to develop a parametric model for a d33-based cantilever. The analysis revealed that the most significant parameters influencing the resonant frequency are the supporting layer thickness, piezoelectric layer thickness, and cantilever length. On the other hand, the most important factors affecting the charge output are the piezoelectric t...

Polar organic nonlinear optical material, L-tartaric acid single crystals have been grown from slow evaporation solution growth technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study indicates that the grown crystal crystallized in monoclinic system with space group P21. Crystalline perfection of the crystal has been evaluated by high resolution X-ray diffraction technique and it reveals that the cr...

Stress-induced changes in the imprint and switching behavior of ~111!-oriented Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ~PZT!-based capacitors have been studied using piezoresponse force microscopy. Visualization of polarization distribution and d33-loop measurements in individual 131.5-mm 2 capacitors before and after stress application, generated by substrate bending, provided direct experimental evidence of stress-induc...

In this study, flat piezoelectric microcantilevers were fabricated under low-stress Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) film conditions. They were analyzed using the Raman spectrum and wafer curvature methods. Based on the residual stress analysis, we found that a thickness of 1 μm was critical, since stress relaxation starts to occur at greater thicknesses, due to surface roughening. The (111) preferred ...

Ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) films were deposited on ITO/glass substrates by chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique with processing temperature below the grass-transition point. (100)c-oriented PZT successfully grown buffer layer of calcium niobate Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets (ns-CN), together enhanced crystallinity increasing PbTiO3 content in PbZrO3–PbTiO3 system, i....