tooth pulpal nerves include sympathetic and sensory nerves that originate from trigeminal ganglion .from the terminal of these sensory nerves neuropeptides are secreted that are neuromodulators and neurotransmitters. one of them is cgrp (calcitonin gene-related protein) which has a vasodilatory effect on pulpal vessels. near abscess and moderate injuries, this neuropeptide can lead to neural fi...

At antipyretic and analgesic doses, salicylate has no antiplatelet or anti-inflammatory effects, unlike typical inhibitors of the prostaglandin H synthases (PGHSs). We demonstrated that salicylate inhibits PGHS-1 and -2 with a potency inversely related to ambient hydroperoxide concentrations. Salicylate inhibition of PGHS-1 was prevented by 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE). Increa...

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been extensively studied as an approach to reduce proinflammatory markers in acute brain diseases, but the anti-neuroinflammatory role cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition rather neglected. We report that m-terphenylamine derivatives are selective COX-1 inhibitors, able block microglia inflammatory response and elicit a neuroprotective effect. These com...

Arachidonic acid is converted to prostaglandin G(2) (PGG(2)) by the cyclooxygenase activities of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases (PGHSs) 1 and 2. The initial, rate-limiting step is abstraction of the 13-proS hydrogen from arachidonate which, for PGG(2) formation, is followed by insertion of O(2) at C-11, cyclization, and a second O( 2) insertion at C-15. As an accompaniment to ongoing st...

IN a subset of patients with asthma, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that inhibit both cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) can precipitate dangerous asthmatic attacks. It has been proposed that in these patients, the attacks are triggered by inhibition of COX-1 and not COX-2, and that the use of highly selective COX-2 inhibitors may be safe in asthmatic patients, ...

Detrusor smooth muscle exhibits myogenic contraction in response to a quick stretch (QS) as well as spontaneous rhythmic contraction (SRC); however, whether the same population of actomyosin crossbridges with a common regulatory mechanism is responsible for these two types of contraction has not been determined. Detrusor strips from New Zealand white rabbit bladders were allowed to develop SRC ...

For about two years, selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 have been hailed as powerful additions to the armamentarium of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Predicted by financial analysts to become among the pharmaceutical industry's greatest-ever blockbusters, two so-called coxibs are now widely utilized clinically: rofecoxib (Vioxx, Merck) and celecoxib (Celebrex, Monsanto). T...

In this study, PC12 Adh cells and Neuro-2a cells were treated with Rho-associated kinase inhibitors (Y27632 and Fasudil), a cyclooxygenase-1 selective inhibitor (SC560), and a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (NS398). We found that these cells became tolerant to Rho-associated kinase inhibitors, as neurite outgrowth induced by these inhibitors diminished following more than 3 days of exposure in eith...

Acetaminophen is one of the world's most commonly used drugs to treat fever and pain, yet its mechanism of action has remained unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that acetaminophen blocks fever through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), by monitoring lipopolysaccharide induced fever in mice with genetic manipulations of enzymes in the prostaglandin cascade. We exploited the fact that l...