in recent years, fashion has been introduced as a prominent taste which is imposed by owners of this industry to the society. recently change of consumption patterns have been increased rapidly, while changes in fashion industry has also changed industries and economies of these countries as well. through changes in global relationships and structures, omitting industrial concentrated productio...

This paper explores production and outsourcing decisions for two original equipment manufacturers (OEM)who produce partially substitutable products and have opportunities to invest in reducing the manufacturing cost. In such an environment, competition drives both OEMs to set lower prices and invest more than would occur in the first-best solution, particularly when product substitutability is ...

It iswell known that competition candestroy incentives to invest in firmspecific relationships. This paper examines how the tension between relationships and competition is resolved in the investment banking market, which for decades has been characterized by both relationships and competition. The model studies the impact on relationships of four different dimensions of competition: non-exclus...

It is well known that competition can destroy incentives to invest in firm-specific relationships. This paper examines how the tension between relationships and competition is resolved in the investment banking market, which for decades has been characterized by both relationships and competition. The model studies the impact on relationships of four different dimensions of competition: non-exc...

The market globalization and increase of competition forces manufacturing companies to adopt new business organization paradigms. Moreover, Small and Medium Enterprises can compete to a global level if they try to cooperate at different levels as: design, production planning, et cetera. Figure 1 shows the driving forces towards the adoption of cooperation mechanism for the Small and Medium Ente...

Inventory management in markets with substituting customers is extremely challenging, not only for a downstream wholesaler, but also for upstream manufacturers. Motivated by the structures in the agrochemical market, we analyze the optimal production and stocking quantities of a manufacturer and a wholesaler, respectively, in a two-stage supply chain with upstream competition and vertical infor...

Previous economic analyses focused on relationships between crude oil and natural gas markets centered primarily on demand-side considerations. We provide evidence that two important supply-side connections play important roles in understanding crude oil and natural gas market integration. First, crude oil production and natural gas production require a common capital input: rotary drilling rig...

This paper explores production and outsourcing decisions for two original equipment manufacturers (OEM) who produce partially substitutable products and have opportunities to invest in reducing the manufacturing cost. In such an environment, competition drives both OEMs to set lower prices and invest more than would maximize their combined profits, particularly when product substitutability is ...