Massively parallel computers (MPC) are characterized by the distribution of memory among an ensemble of nodes. Since memory is physically distributed, MPC nodes communicate by sending data through a network. In order to program an MPC, the user may directly invoke low-level message passing primitives, may use a higher-level communications library, or may write the program in a data parallel lan...

BACKGROUND Neurons are dynamically coupled with each other through neurite-mediated adhesion during development. Understanding the collective behavior of neurons in circuits is important for understanding neural development. While a number of genetic and activity-dependent factors regulating neuronal migration have been discovered on single cell level, systematic study of collective neuronal mi...

introduction: universities and their faculty members are responsible for educating students for social responsibilities. if the faculty members are to contribute to the attainment of university and societal goals, they should trust their dean, colleagues, and students. this will facilitate the collective efficacy of faculty members. if faculty members believe in their collective abilities, the ...

The concept of collective intelligence is contributing significantly to knowledge creation on the Web. While current knowledge creation activities tend to be founded on the approach of assembling content such as texts, images and videos, we propose here the serviceoriented approach. We use the term service grid to refer to a framework of collective intelligence based on Web services. This paper...

We show that although the algebraic semantics of place/transition Petri nets under the collective token philosophy can be fully explained in terms of strictly symmetric monoidal categories, the analogous construction under the individual token philosophy is not completely satisfactory, because it lacks universality and also functoriality. We introduce the notion of pre-net to recover these aspe...

Recent advances in condensed matter theory have revealed that new and exotic phases of matter can exist in spin models (or more precisely, local bosonic models) via a simple physical mechanism, known as ”string-net condensation.” These new phases of matter have the unusual property that their collective excitations are gauge bosons and fermions. In some cases, the collective excitations can beh...

Human communication in social networks is dominated by emergent statistical laws such as non-trivial correlations and temporal clustering. Recently, we found long-term correlations in the user's activity in social communities. Here, we extend this work to study the collective behavior of the whole community with the goal of understanding the origin of clustering and long-term persistence. At th...

A volunteer computing approach is presented for the purpose of screening a large number of molecular structures with respect to their suitability as new battery electrolyte solvents. Collective properties like melting, boiling and flash points are evaluated using COSMOtherm and quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) based methods, while electronic structure theory methods are used ...