Background: Pulmonary nodular excavation should firstly evoke tuberculosis or necrosis broncho-pulmonary tumor, particularly: epidermoid carcinoma. The case discussed here illustrated these difficulties in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Case Presentation: A 63-year-old woman was presented with a-three-year history of RA and a recent discovery of an excavated pulmonary nodule. Initi...

Experiments were performed to investigate vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2)-mediated renal water reabsorption and the renal expression of the vasopressin-regulated water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) in cirrhotic rats with sodium retention but without ascites. In addition, the expression of the furosemide-sensitive type 1 Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (BSC-1) and the natriuretic response to an intravenou...

the endometrial stromal nodule is a benign tumor composed of differentiated endometrial stromal cells arranged as a well circumscribed nodule with smooth non-invasive margins. they are rare neoplasms, diagnosed in most instances by microscopy. although nodules are benign in nature, hysterectomy is the treatment of choice to enable evaluation of the tumor margins which are well demarcated in end...

thyroid nodules are common, occurring in almost two-thirds of some populations; among these only about 7% are malignant. the most important question with any new discovered thyroid nodule is, “is this malignant?” the main arbiter of malignancy or benignity remains fine needle aspiration and the mainstay of treatment surgery. but given the resources involved, doing an fnac or surgery in every di...

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the comparison adverse outcomes in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients presented with coronavirus disease. Study Design: Place Duration: department Medicine Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital Mirpur Azad Kashmir Mohiuddin Hospital, AJK for six months during period from October 2020 March 2021. Methodology: Total 80covid-19 both genders or...

OBJECTIVE To investigate immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis and their association with pathological prognostic features in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic liver. METHODS Vascular endothelial growth factor, CD105, and cyclooxygenase-2 were immunohistochemically detected in 52 hepatocellular carcinoma tissue samples and 48 cirrhotic liver tissue samples. Semiquantitative measure...

Net hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis were examined in normal ( n = 4) and cirrhotic ( n = 8) subjects using two independent methods [13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and a2H2O method]. Rates of net hepatic glycogenolysis were calculated by the change in hepatic glycogen content before (∼11:00 PM) and after (∼7:00 AM) an overnight fast using13C NMR and magnetic resonan...

BACKGROUND Portal hypertension in cirrhosis results from enhanced intrahepatic resistance to an augmented inflow. The former is partly due to an imbalance between intrahepatic vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. Enhanced endothelin-1 and decreased activity of hepatic constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS 3) was reported in carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) cirrhotic rat liver. AIMS...

AIM To examine the clinical features and risk factors for adverse outcomes in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) superimposed with hepatitis E virus (HEV). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 228 patients with acute HEV infection (showing clinical acute hepatitis symptomology and positivity for anti-HEV immunoglobulin M) with underlying CHB (confirmed by positivity for hepatitis B surface...