Enteric fever prevails as a major public health problem despite the use of antimicrobials due to the emergence of drug resistance. The present study was undertaken to find out the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates from our region. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for six drugs chloramphenicol (30μg), amoxicillin (10μg), cotrimoxazole (1.25/23.75μg), nalidixic acid ...

Exposure to antibiotics induces the expression of mutagenic bacterial stress-response pathways, but the evolutionary benefits of these responses remain unclear. One possibility is that stress-response pathways provide a short-term advantage by protecting bacteria against the toxic effects of antibiotics. Second, it is possible that stress-induced mutagenesis provides a long-term advantage by ac...

BACKGROUND Previous work showed that piperazinyl-cross-linked ciprofloxacin dimer exhibits good bacteriostatic activity with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus; lethal activity was not measured. Subsequently, the dimer failed to kill Mycobacterium smegmatis but blocked growth. Whether the compound is lethal with non-mycobacterial species is not known. METHODS Bacteriostatic an...

Periodic monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is essential for early detection of emergence of drug resistance. A total of 343 gonococcal strains isolated from high-risk and general populations in Bangladesh from 1997 to 1999 were studied. The MICs of penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin for the isolates were determined by the ag...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of the CmeABC efflux pump to the emergence of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant mutants in Campylobacter jejuni under various levels of selection pressure. METHODS The frequency of emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants was measured in wild-type C. jejuni NCTC 11168 and its isogenic cmeB mutant and cmeR mutant (overex...

Intestinal secretory movement of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, may limit its oral bioavailability. Active ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) have been implicated in ciprofloxacin transport. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that BCRP alone mediates intestinal ciprofloxacin secretion. The involvement of ABC tran...

The objective was to develop and characterise in vitro Bartonella bacilliformis antibiotic resistant mutants. Three B. bacilliformis strains were plated 35 or 40 times with azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin or rifampicin discs. Resistance-stability was assessed performing 5 serial passages without antibiotic pressure. MICs were determined with/without Phe-Arg-β-Napthylamide and artes...

OBJECTIVES Helicobacter pylori-associated infection is common in South Africa, as in other developing countries. Antibiotic resistance is recognised as a major cause of treatment failure. We studied the susceptibility and resistance patterns of H. pylori to guide empiric treatment and prevent the emergence of resistance. METHODS Two hundred H. pylori strains obtained from gastric biopsies of ...

PURPOSE Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent bacterial infections, and fluoroquinolone therapy is a well-known standard regimen for UTI. The prevalence and risk factor analysis of fluoroquinolone resistance in enterococcal UTIs are not well documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in En...