نتایج جستجو برای: chromatin condensation

تعداد نتایج: 75031  

Abbasi Sarcheshmeh A Anvari M Omidi M, Rahimipour M, Talebi AR

Background: Chronic ethanol abuse causes reproductive organ failure and infertility in both humans and laboratory animals. Since sperm has a critical role in reproductive function, the objective of this unique study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of ethanol on sperm parameters, chromatin structure and apoptosis in adult mice. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 adult male mice ...

2016
Shuhei Kimura Benjamin Loppin

In most animals, the bulk of sperm DNA is packaged with sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs), a diverse group of highly basic chromosomal proteins notably comprising mammalian protamines. The replacement of histones with SNBPs during spermiogenesis allows sperm DNA to reach an extreme level of compaction, but little is known about how SNBPs actually function in vivo Mst77F is a Drosophila SNBP ...

Journal: :Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA 2014
Allison L Cohen Songtao Jia

Eukaryotic genomes contain long stretches of repetitive DNA sequences, which are the preferred sites for the assembly of heterochromatin structures. The formation of heterochromatin results in highly condensed chromosomal domains that limit the accessibility of DNA to the transcription and recombination machinery to maintain genome stability. Heterochromatin has the tendency to spread, and the ...

Journal: :Cell 2014
Ramesh Yelagandula Hume Stroud Sarah Holec Keda Zhou Suhua Feng Xuehua Zhong Uma M. Muthurajan Xin Nie Tomokazu Kawashima Martin Groth Karolin Luger Steven E. Jacobsen Frédéric Berger

Histone variants play crucial roles in gene expression, genome integrity, and chromosome segregation. We report that the four H2A variants in Arabidopsis define different genomic features, contributing to overall genomic organization. The histone variant H2A.W marks heterochromatin specifically and acts in synergy with heterochromatic marks H3K9me2 and DNA methylation to maintain transposon sil...

2015
Nils Kost Sophie Kaiser Yogesh Ostwal Dietmar Riedel Alexandra Stützer Miroslav Nikolov Christina Rathke Renate Renkawitz-Pohl Wolfgang Fischle

Despite insights on the cellular level, the molecular details of chromatin reorganization in sperm development, which involves replacement of histone proteins by specialized factors to allow ultra most condensation of the genome, are not well understood. Protamines are dispensable for DNA condensation during Drosophila post-meiotic spermatogenesis. Therefore, we analyzed the interaction of Mst7...

2016
Shelby A Blythe Eric F Wieschaus

During embryogenesis, the initial chromatin state is established during a period of rapid proliferative activity. We have measured with 3-min time resolution how heritable patterns of chromatin structure are initially established and maintained during the midblastula transition (MBT). We find that regions of accessibility are established sequentially, where enhancers are opened in advance of pr...

Journal: :Biophysical journal 2010
Christophe Bécavin Maria Barbi Jean-Marc Victor Annick Lesne

During eukaryotic transcription, RNA-polymerase activity generates torsional stress in DNA, having a negative impact on the elongation process. Using our previous studies of chromatin fiber structure and conformational transitions, we suggest that this torsional stress can be alleviated, thanks to a tradeoff between the fiber twist and nucleosome conformational transitions into an activated sta...

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