We show that if Projective Geometric Algebra (PGA), i.e. the geometric algebra with degenerate signature (n, 0, 1), is understood as a subalgebra of Conformal (CGA) in mathematically correct sense, then flat primitives share same representation PGA and CGA. Particularly, we treat duality framework This leads to unification CGA which important especially for software implementation symbolic calc...

This study proposes a fuzzy neural network (FNN) that can process both fuzzy inputs and outputs. The continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) is employed to enhance its performance. Both the simulation and real-world problem results show that the proposed CGA-based FNN can obtain the relationship between fuzzy inputs and outputs. CGA can not only shorten the training time but also increase the accura...

Aims: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic acid that has a wide range of pharmacological effects. However, the protective effects and mechanisms of CGA on liver fibrosis are not clear. This study explored the effects of CGA on miR-21-regulated TGF-β1/Smad7 liver fibrosis in the hepatic stellate LX2 cell line and in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The mRNA expression...

BACKGROUND Psychophysiological processing has been reported to play a crucial role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but there has been no report on modulation of the stress marker chromogranin A (CgA) resulting from muscle stretching. We hypothesized that abdominal muscle stretching as a passive operation would have a beneficial effect on a biochemical index of the activity of the sympathetic/...

A Cryptographically Generated Address (CGA) is a selfcertifying address that a node generates when it joins a foreign network. Despite its advantages, generating a CGA is computationally expensive. This study examines the security and performance issues related to the use of the CGA Generation algorithm. It also scrutinizes the hash extension mechanism, different hash functions and how multithr...

Forty one pituitary adenomas excised surgically were immunostained to reveal pituitary hormones and chromogranin A (CgA). In 23 patients, plasma CgA concentration was determined before surgery by ELISA method. The CgA immunopositivity was found in 70.7% of investigated tumors. It was observed in all tumors of gonadotropinoma type and in the majority of null cell adenomas. Elevated (>18 U/L) pla...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The charophyte green algae (CGA) are thought to be the closest living relatives to the land plants, and ancestral CGA were unique in giving rise to the land plant lineage. The cell wall has been suggested to be a defining structure that enabled the green algal ancestor to colonize land. These cell walls provide support and protection, are a source of signalling molecules, an...

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a major negative regulator of the insulin and leptin signaling pathway, is a potential target for therapeutic intervention against diabetes and obesity. The recent discovery of an allosteric site in PTP1B has created an alternate strategy in the development of PTP1B targeted therapy. The current study investigates the molecular interactions between the a...

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (E. ulmoides) is a traditional Chinese medicine with many beneficial effects, used as a tonic medicine in China and other countries. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is an important compound in E. ulmoides with neuroprotective, cognition improvement and other pharmacological effects. However, it is unknown whether chlorogenic acid-enriched Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark has antide...