The paper examines the causal nexus between financial development, economic growth and poverty reduction in India during 1951-2008. The empirical analysis is based on cointegration and causality test. The cointegration test finds the presence of long run equilibrium relationship between financial development, economic growth and poverty reduction. The Granger causality test at the end confirms ...

Biological systems are usually non-linear and, as a result, the driving signal frequency (say, MHz) is in general not identical with the output frequency (say, N Hz). Coherence and causality analysis have been well-developed to measure the (directional) correlation between input and output signals with identical frequencies (N=M), but they are not applicable to the cases with different frequenc...

This study examines the Granger causality between electricity consumption and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for Pakistan using annual data covering the period 1971 to 2007. Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and Phillips-Perron test reveal that both the series, after logarithmic transformation, are non-stationary and individually integrated at order one. Engle and Granger Cointegration test exhibits t...

Token causality refers to the causal relationship between system events on an individual system execution, as opposed to general causality, where relationships between types of events are studied. When a system fails at run-time, represented as the violations of certain system safety properties on an observed system execution trace, the investigation of token causality is helpful in understandi...

The relationship between financial development, growth and inflation has been analyzed by a number of recent empirical studies in Pakistan. Sizeable research finds that money supply growth at beginning affects real GDP growth and further it affects inflation in Pakistan. These two step process doesn’t fulfill the specification of the consequences. Therefore, this study looks at the association ...

We present CATENA, a sieve-based system to perform temporal and causal relation extraction and classification from English texts, exploiting the interaction between the temporal and the causal model. We evaluate the performance of each sieve, showing that the rule-based, the machinelearned and the reasoning components all contribute to achieving state-of-the-art performance on TempEval-3 and Ti...

the environmental degradation increase during recent years, has proposed the investigation of economic activities and environmental indicators relation. mostly a unidirectional causality from economic activities to pollution is assumed. while the direction of causality between pollution and economic growth has specific policy implications, presumption of this direction may influence the nature ...

marketing, and research methodologies and techniques. His PhD investigated UK food processing customer service, satisfaction and service quality and received the James Cooper Memorial Cup PhD Award from the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (UK). on store and agglomeration format patronage, in-store logistics, distance retailing and supplier-retailer relationships. retailing, retai...

Biomedical relations are often expressed between entities occurring within the same sentence through syntactic means. However, a significant portion of such relations (in particular, causal relations) are expressed implicitly across sentence boundaries. Inferring these discourse-level relations can be challenging in the absence of syntactic clues. In this paper, we present a study of textual ch...

Marketing concepts and definitions have remained relatively unchanged until recently. Electronic customer relationship management (e CRM) has forced marketing managers to re-evaluate how, when and to what extent they interact with their customers. This paper is focused on the role of specific marketing concepts and how e CRM has enhanced or altered each concept. Every topic discussed is illustr...