Cargo is selectively exported from the ER in COPII vesicles. To analyze the role of COPII in selective transport from the ER, we have purified components of the mammalian COPII complex from rat liver cytosol and then analyzed their role in cargo selection and ER export. The purified mammalian Sec23-24 complex is composed of an 85-kD (Sec23) protein and a 120-kD (Sec24) protein. Although the Sec...

All newly made proteins destined to be secreted from our cells or to function at the cell surface—and many of those that function in membranes within the cell— start their lives in a convoluted heap of membranes within cells called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). From there, they begin a journey that will take them through the stacked membrane compartments of the Golgi apparatus to their eventu...

Neurons secrete many diffusible signals from synaptic and other secretory vesicles. We characterized secretion of guidance cues, neuropeptides, neurotrophins, and proteases from single secretory vesicles using pHluorin-tagged cargo in cortical neurons. Stimulation triggered transient and persistent fusion events. Transient events represented full release followed by cargo diffusion or incomplet...

Motor-driven intracellular transport is a complex phenomenon where multiple motor proteins simultaneously attached on to a cargo engage in pulling activity, often leading to tug-of-war, displaying bidirectional motion. However, most mathematical and computational models ignore the details of the motor-cargo interaction. A few studies have focused on more realistic models of cargo transport by i...

The phosphodiesterase 6 delta subunit (PDE6δ) shuttles several farnesylated cargos between membranes. The cargo sorting mechanism between cilia and other compartments is not understood. Here we show using the inositol polyphosphate 5'-phosphatase E (INPP5E) and the GTP-binding protein (Rheb) that cargo sorting depends on the affinity towards PDE6δ and the specificity of cargo release. High-affi...

The traditional design approach of grabs and other bulk handling equipment consists manufacturing testing physical prototypes. A novel is to use a co-simulation MultiBody Dynamics (MBD) Discrete Element Method (DEM), in which the virtual prototype new concept interacts with solids. Therefore, this study develops validates full-scale that models grabbing process cohesive stress-history dependent...

The Black Sea is the crossroads for many nations and economic interests of numerous countries. ports in are most important activity centres where countries carry out their import export activities. In this paper, shipping emissions generated from ships visiting 10 Turkish located were estimated ratio region was evaluated. Total studied as 4.949 t y-1 NOX, 280.498 CO2, 2.059 SO2, 197 VOC, 260 PM...

Abstract An improved deep learning neural model YOLOv5-DN based on YOLOv5 is proposed for marine ship detection and classification in the area of harbours heavy traffic waterways. The CSP-DarkNet module replaced by CSP-DenseNet to promote accuracy target model. Sample ships data set are divided into six classes: ore carriers, general cargo ships, bulk container passenger fishing meet needs area...

The prevailing view of intra-Golgi transport is cisternal progression, which has a key prediction--that newly arrived cargo exhibits a lag or transit time before exiting the Golgi. Instead, we find that cargo molecules exit at an exponential rate proportional to their total Golgi abundance with no lag. Incoming cargo molecules rapidly mix with those already in the system and exit from partition...