PURPOSE Women with breast cancer may experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue and sleep disturbances during chemotherapy. However, there are few modalities that address multiple, commonly occurring symptoms that may occur in individuals receiving cancer treatment. Cranial electrical stimulation (CES) is a treatment that is FDA cleared for depression, anxiety and insomnia. CES i...

Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is potentially harmful because of the increase in serum estrogen levels. During COS for cryopreservation of oocytes or embryos, these women may receive high doses of tamoxifen (60 mg) to modulate the ER and prevent extra growth of estrogen responsive tumours during COS. However, it is unknown whethe...

Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is potentially harmful because of the increase in serum estrogen levels. During COS for cryopreservation of oocytes or embryos, these women may receive high doses of tamoxifen (60 mg) to modulate the ER and prevent extra growth of estrogen responsive tumours during COS. However, it is unknown whethe...

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a polypeptide found in human and animal blood and secretions, has been found to stimulate a variety of tissues in vitro including normal and malignant rodent mammary epithelium and human breast epithelial cells and fibroadenoma. We have studied the influence of EGF on malignant human breast tissue with a model system comprising human breast carcinoma cells growing...

Endocrine therapy, using tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor, remains a first-line treatment for estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) positive breast cancer. However, tumor resistance limits the duration of response. The clinical efficacy of fulvestrant, a selective ER degrader (SERD) that triggers receptor degradation, has confirmed that ESR1 often remains engaged in endocrine therapy resistant cancers....

PURPOSE Estrogen, through its binding to nuclear estrogen receptor (ER), has been implicated in the development of human breast cancer. The presence or absence of ER in breast lesions has been used to classify breast cancer into ER+ or ER- type. Maspin, an anti-breast cancer protein produced in normal mammary cells, has also been reported to control the condition. Studies have been conducted to...

BACKGROUND Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDPK), described as NM23 a metastasis suppressor, is found in the culture medium of cancer cells lines suggesting that the kinase may have an extracellular role. We propose that extracellular NM23 released from breast cancers in vivo stimulates tumor cell migration, proliferation and endothelial cell angiogenesis in support of metastasis development. ...

The growth of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer cells is inhibited by the pineal gland hormone, melatonin. Concern has been raised that power-line frequency and microwave electromagnetic fields (EMFs) could reduce the efficiency of melatonin on breast cancer cells. In this study we investigated the impact of EMFs on the signal transduction of the high-affinity receptor MT1 in parental MC...

We evaluated T-cell responses to mitogens and to defined antigens in breast cancer patients. Significant defects in responses to tetanus toxoid and influenza virus were observed in patients with advanced-stage breast cancer. To define whether these defects were associated with a defect in antigen presentation [dendritic cells (DCs)] or effector function (T cells), these cells were studied separ...

Abstract Background Extracellular metabolites of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) excreted by gut microbiota have been reported to play an important role in the regulation intestinal homeostasis. Apart from supplying energy, SCFA also elicit immune stimulation animal and human cells. Therefore, attempt was conducted isolate producing bacteria healthy microbiota. The anti-cancer anti-inflammatory ...