Herbal medicines are often combinations of botanical extracts that are assumed to have additive or synergistic effects. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effect of individual botanical extracts with combinations of extracts on prostate cell viability. We then modeled the interactions between botanical extracts in combination isobolographically. Scutellaria baicalensis, Rabdos...

Nutraceuticals are food or food ingredients that have defined physiological effects. They do not easily fall into the legal categories of food or drug and often inhabit a grey area between the two. These products in general terms cover health promotion, "optimal nutrition" the concept of enhanced performance--both physically and mentally--and reduction of disease risk factors. In this paper the...

Th e chemical composition and sensory characteristics vary signifi cantly within different honey types. In order to determine botanical origin of honey, it is necessary to conduct rather complicated and time consuming analytical methods. IR spectroscopy has not yet been experimentally explored for honey analysis in Croatia, so the aim of this study was to determine claimed botanical origin of h...

BACKGROUND Hyperpigmentation disorders are common among those seeking care from dermatologists and primary care physicians. The cosmeceutical and natural product industries are rapidly growing and many botanical agents are purported to improve hyperpigmentation disorders. OBJECTIVE We sought to review clinical evidence for the use of botanical agents in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. M...

The impact of three different doses of botanical insecticide derived from the syringa tree, Melia azedarach and the neem tree, Azadirachta indica was tested on the behaviour of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). Both botanical insecticides had a significant impact on larval behaviour. At higher doses the extracts showed feeding deterrent activity, with larvae preferring the u...

Twenty-one commercial insect repellent products, including 12 botanical, 6 DEET-based, and 3 synthetic organics, were evaluated as larvicides and as oviposition deterrents of Aedes albopictus. Ten of the 12 botanical products at 0.1% concentration provided 57-100% mortality of laboratory-reared 4th-stage Ae. albopictus larvae at 24 h after treatment. Five of the 6 DEET-based products and 3 synt...

Herbal drug technology is used for converting botanical materials into medicines, where standardization and quality control with proper integration of modern scientific techniques and traditional knowledge is important. The use of chromatographic techniques and marker compounds to standardize botanical preparations has limitations because of their variable sources and chemical complexity. DNA-b...

The participants in the Workshop were brought together to consider how best to integrate the needs of phylogenetic classification given our current system of naming the world’s biota. The Workshop was developed as a follow-up to the 2001 Smithsonian Botanical Symposium held in Washington, D.C., the results of which were published in Taxon [volume 51(1), 2002]. The Smithsonian symposium was atte...

Calotropis gigantea is a big shrub; it’s looking like a small tree, sports clusters of waxy flowers that are either white or lavender in colour found. Each flower consists of five pointed petals and a small, elegant "crown" rising from the center, which holds the stamens. This articles is viewed the botanical survey and full details of the plant of calotropis gigantea. It has oval, light green ...