To study the anatomy of subarticular bone and cartilage, fresh specimens of cartilage on bone from the human shoulder, hip and knee were treated with bleach or papain, or were fixed and decalcified. All were compared using scanning electron microscopy. Papain digestion selectively removed cartilage to the tidemark. The tidemark contour was highly variable; irregularities were indirectly related...

R2: “Tuberculosis diagnosis by sputum smear microscopy is insensitive.” Insert ‘relatively’ before ‘insensitive’ R3: In Abstract, background section, on the first line, authors could replace the term "insensitive" by "low sensitive" (sic). The word ‘relatively’ has been added before ‘insensitive’ as recommended by R1. R2: The remaining 25 sputum samples were used to evaluate this technique quan...

The lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery in the Gulf of Maine is being threatened by the taking of ovigerous lobsters with the subsequent removal of their eggs by dipping their tails in a sea water and bleach solution. Solutions equal to or greater than 20 percent (v/v) commercial bleach will cause the complete removal of the eggs in less than 2 minutes with a 50 percent solution taking only on...

A workplace bleach exposure incident was studied in 13 women to determine whether chlorine caused neurobehavioral and pulmonary functional effects. We compared neurophysiological and neuropsychological measurements in 13 chlorine-exposed women, 4.5 years after exposure, and 41 unexposed women. Reaction times, balance, blink reflex latency, color discrimination and several psychological tests we...

The so-called S* state has been suggested to play an important role in the photophysics of beta-carotene and other carotenoids in solution and photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes, yet its origin has remained elusive. The present experiments employing temperature-dependent steady-state absorption spectroscopy and ultrafast pump-supercontinuum probe (PSCP) transient absorption measurements ...

Over 100 syringe exchange schemes exist in the United Kingdom,' aiming at limiting the spread of HIV among drug users. The main strategy is to reduce sharing of injecting equipment by providing information about HIV and AIDS and supplying sterile equipment. If clean injecting equipment is not available the next best step is to clean used equipment properly. This approach was adopted in San Fran...

Actinomycetes isolated from different soil samples were tested for their abilities to utilize spent sulfite bleach effluents from a paper mill. Degradation and dechlorination of the chlorinated compounds in the effluents of the first two bleaching stages, i.e., chlorination stage [(C + D)red.] and alkaline extraction stage (E1O), were monitored by determining total organic carbon (TOC) and acti...