Biotransformation plays a key role in hydrophobic organic compound (HOC) fate, and understanding kinetics as a function of (bio)availability is critical for elucidating persistence, accumulation, and toxicity. Biotransformation mainly occurs in an aqueous environment, posing technical challenges for producing kinetic data because of low HOC solubilities and sorptive losses. To overcome these, a...

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hydroxylated (OH) and methoxylated (MeO), have been widely detected in aquatic environments. However, relationships among these structurally related compounds in exposed organisms are unclear. To elucidate biotransformation relationships among BDE-47, 6-OH-BDE-47, and 6-MeO-BDE-47, dietary accumulation, maternal transfer, and tissue distribution of these ...

Cisplatin is an extremely effective cancer chemotherapeutic agent, but its use is often accompanied by toxicity. Second generation drugs such as carboplatin are becoming more widely used because of reduced toxicity. Since biotransformation products have been implicated in the toxic responses, we have begun to investigate the reactions of cisplatin and carboplatin with potential biological ligan...

Although the biotransformation of organic nitrates by the cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) is well known, the relative contribution of the microsomal GST (MGST1) to nitrate biotransformation has not been described. We therefore compared the denitration of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) by purified rat liver MGST1 and cytosolic GSTs. Both MGST1 and cytosolic GSTs catalyzed the denitration ...

A poorly understood factor that may influence differences in the accumulation of a xenobiotic among fishes is interspecies differences in physiology. We have extensively studied the uptake, distribution, and excretion kinetics of the lipophilic herbicide trifluralin (TF) in fish, using a static water exposure system and compartmental toxicokinetic models. We obtained quantitative estimates of p...

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed one of three isoenergetic diets varying in protein (35-55%) and lipid content (8-18%), at full satiation levels or half rations for 6 weeks in order to investigate the effects of diet on baseline stress parameters and biotransformation enzyme activity. Growth was greatest in fish fed to satiation on a low protein and high lipid diet. Stress ...

The biokinetics of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, p,p'-dichlorodiphenydichloroethylene (DDE) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis were characterized in this study. We exposed the mussels to DDT in aqueous or dietary sources and then compared and evaluated the absorption, accumulation, distribution and eliminatio...