Bioactive products from snail slime of “Helix” specie have potential applications in preventing and/or treating several human diseases and in cancer diagnosis. However, the poor pharmacokinetics characteristics of these natural compounds limit their use. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions for the enhanced formulation of these molecules through the synthesis of nanosized drug del...

molecules are the basic and most important players of life. molecules are composed of atoms, and each molecule has two main specifications or inheritances that are structures, and in biomedical applications, biological function. this dichotomy can be compared to living organisms or humans whom possess genotype and phenotype. each of the two main inherited elements contains a variety of feature ...

It is well known that electromagnetic fields play a critical role in all biological evolutionary processes. The natural low resonant frequency may interact with the biological signaling pathway through liquid, especially water. Our hypothesis is that the structured water cluster may be not only an excellent carrier for nutrition and energy, but also an excellent carrier for low frequency inform...

Carrier-specific suppressor T cells can suppress antibody secretion by high avidity IgG plaque-forming cells (PFC) within 90 min in vitro. This process can be blocked by the inclusion of soluble carrier in the cell mixture or by the exposure of target cells to anti-carrier antibodies or pronase. Moreover, suppression can be augmented by PFC exposure to the soluble hapten-carrier conjugate. Fina...

Organisms are not isolated systems at equilibrium. Cells within an organism must exchange compounds with their environment by passing them across their biological membranes. In eukaryotic cells, transport across membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria also occurs. Compounds commonly exchanged across membranes include metabolites such as glucose and...

The relative contributions of type I and type II insulinlike growth factor (IGF) receptors and IGF carrier proteins to the binding of IGF-I tracer to cultured human fibroblasts were determined in competitive binding experiments that used unlabeled insulin and synthetic insulin-IGF-I hybrid molecules containing the A chain of insulin and the B domain of IGF-I. Whereas insulin binds only to type ...

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the biological effectiveness and character of a nanosilver-epidermal growth factor (EGF) sustained-release carrier. This was synthesized using the self-assembly method and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV spectrophotometry. The biological activity of the sustained release carrier was determined through cytological, bacte...

Clinical applications of many anti-cancer drugs are restricted due to their hydrophobic nature, requiring use harmful organic solvents for administration, and poor selectivity pharmacokinetics resulting in off-target toxicity inefficient therapies. A wide variety carrier-based nanoparticles have been developed tackle these issues, but such strategies often fail encapsulate drug efficiently requ...

Dye-sensitized solar cells are potentially inexpensive alternatives to traditional semiconductor solar cells. In order to optimize dyes for solar cells we systematically investigate the electronic structure of a variety of porphyrins and phthalocyanines. As a biological model system we use the heme group in cytochrome c which plays a role in biological charge transfer processes. X-ray absorptio...