BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology of residential fire related deaths and injuries among children, and identify risk factors for these injuries through a linked dataset for the city of Dallas, Texas. METHODS Data for all residential fires were linked with fire related injury data, using fire department records, ambulance transports, hospital admissions, and medic...

The behaviours of citizens during bushfires may determine whether they live or die. Using 100 citizen witness statements from the 2009 Australian bushfires, we show how people react to bushfire smoke. Eighty-nine witnesses expressly mention smoke, not necessarily in combination with fire. This prompted including: seeking further information, monitoring situation, effecting a fire plan (includin...

BACKGROUND Door-to-door canvassing and installation of smoke alarms have been found to be effective at increasing the number of homes protected. This analysis reports on how smoke alarm coverage changes six months after a home visiting program in a large urban sample, and how this change varies by characteristics of the residents and characteristics of the services delivered during the home vis...

Prescribed fire is an essential tool for wildfire risk mitigation and ecosystem restoration in the Southeastern United States. It also one of region's largest sources atmospheric emissions. The public health impacts prescribed smoke, however, remain uncertain. Here, we use digital burn permit records, reduced-complexity air quality modeling, epidemiological associations between fine particulate...

In large-volume spaces such as atria and covered malls, smoke management systems are often an important aspect of fire protection, with their primary goal being to ensure that the impact of smoke and heat on occupants is not life threatening (NFPA 92B1). This involves keeping the height of the smoke layer above the highest level of occupancy for a defined period, longer than the expected time t...

Atria within buildings present an environment which allows smoke to spread around a building in fire situation. This could create dangerous conditions for the evacuation of people. Smoke control ventilation systems atria work case fire, keeping routes available They play significant role sustainable, holistic strategies, and are most often designed following prescriptive requirements. However, ...

Based on preliminary assumptions and analysis, mathematical models have been used to estimate the behavior of the fires in the twin towers of the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001. The hijacked-plane collision with each tower produced significant structural damage, generated a spectacular external fireball, and started burning within the tower. The fuel consumed by the fireball was...

On 11 January 2001 thick smoke was transported behind a cold front from the Lavinia Nature Reserve in the northeast corner of King Island, some 250 km to the northeast (see Fig. 1 for locations) to the Melbourne area. This event led to the highest level of particulate recorded (at the time) in Melbourne since the Ash Wednesday bushfires and the Melbourne Dust Storm of 1983. The smoke from the K...

Fire protection strategies are designed and installed to perform specific functions. For example, a fire sprinkler system is expected to control or extinguish fires: To accomplish this, the system sprinklers must open, and the required amount of water to achieve control or extinguishment must be delivered to the fire location. A fire detection system is intended to provide sufficient early warn...

Satellite remote sensing provides global observations of the Earth’s surface and provides useful information for monitoring smoke plumes emitted from forest fires. The aim of this study is to automatically separate smoke plumes from the background by analyzing the MODIS data. An identification algorithm was improved based on the spectral analysis among the smoke, cloud and underlying surface. I...