Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is one of several arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) endemic to the United States. Interactions between arthropod (mosquito) vectors and avian amplification host populations play a significant role in the dynamics of arboviral transmission. Recent data have suggested the hypothesis that an increased rate of successful feeding on young-of-the-year (YOY...

Abstract Background As the largest group of mammalian species, which are also widely distributed all over world, rodents natural reservoirs for many diverse zoonotic viruses. A comprehensive understanding core virome should therefore assist in efforts to reduce risk future emergence or re-emergence rodent-borne pathogens. Results This study aimed describe viral range that could be detected lung...

Despite efforts of modern medicine, spread of arthropod-borne diseases is still one of the most serious concerns facing by public health officials and medical community in general. Health medical entomologists work in the public health arena, dealing with insects and other arthropods that parasitize, bite, sting and are vectors that transmit diseases to humans. Some important insects that paras...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Wolbachia is a genus of Gram-negative intracellular bacteria that is naturally found in more than half of all arthropod species. These bacteria cannot only reduce the fitness and the reproductive capacities of arthropod vectors, but also increase their resistance to arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). This article reviews the evidence supporting a Wolbachia-based strategy f...

Although humans and arthropods have been living and evolving together for all of our history, we know very little about the arthropods we share our homes with apart from major pest groups. Here we surveyed, for the first time, the complete arthropod fauna of the indoor biome in 50 houses (located in and around Raleigh, North Carolina, USA). We discovered high diversity, with a conservative esti...

One of steroid hormones, ecdysteroid is a key regulatory factor, controlling the development and molting in arthropod. Molecular target of ecdysteroids is a receptor complex, composed of the ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP). To characterize the transactivation potentials of crustacean EcR by environmental pollutants, we established an in vitro reporter gene assay using insect cel...

ease syndromes form a group that might be considered the epidemiologist's dream. Epi¬ demiologic studies of this group require the teamwork and knowledge of the epidemiologist, agriculturalist, sanitary engineer, ornithologist, mammologist, veterinarian, virologist, immunologist, and clinician. In keeping with the theme of this symposium I will emphasize the worldwide aspects of the encephaiiti...

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the agent of human anaplasmosis, the second most common tick-borne illness in the United States. This pathogen, which is closely related to obligate intracellular organisms in the genera Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma, persists in ticks and mammalian hosts; however, the mechanisms for survival in the arthropod are not known. We now show that A. phagocytophilum...