Nuclear proton microprobe and histomorphometry were employed to study arsenic and fluoride distribution and effects on the mineralized tissues (teeth and bone) of rats. The results revealed that 1) fluoride (100 mg/L for 10 weeks) caused typical dental and skeletal fluorosis in rats, similar to those seen in humans; 2) no obvious effects of arsenic (30 mg/L for 10 weeks) on the mineralized tiss...

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Skin lesions are classic clinical signs of toxicity due to long-term exposure to arsenic, and they are considered precursors to arsenic-related skin cancer. The authors prospectively evaluated synergisms between effects of arsenic exposure and those of tobacco use, sun exposure, and pesticide and fertilizer use on incident skin lesions using risk factor data from 5,042 men from the Health Effec...

According to recent reports, millions of people across the globe are suffering from arsenic (As) toxicity. Arsenic is present in different oxidative states in the environment and enters in the food chain through soil and water. In the agricultural field, irrigation with arsenic contaminated water, that is, having a higher level of arsenic contamination on the top soil, which may affects the qua...

This paper gathers data on the most current aspects of arsenic action, especially its influence on the cardiovascular system, blood and bone marrow. A potential carcinogenic mechanism of arsenic is also discussed. Arsenic is a potent toxicant that may exist in several valencies and in a number of inorganic and organic forms. Most cases of arsenic-induced toxicity in humans are due to exposure t...

We speciated arsenic compounds in marine fish and shellfish from two islands of the United States Territory of American Samoa in the South Pacific, and found that inorganic arsenic occurred as a minor fraction. The proportion of inorganic arsenic was generally far below the levels of prevailing assumptions typically used in human health risk assessments when only total arsenic is analysed. Fish...

Conversion of arsenate to arsenite is a critical event in the pathway that leads from inorganic arsenic to a variety of methylated metabolites. The formation of methylated metabolites influences distribution and retention of arsenic and affects the reactivity and toxicity of these intermediates. Indeed, some of the toxic and carcinogenic effects associated with exposure to arsenate or arsenite ...

BACKGROUND Groundwater contaminated with arsenic imposes a big challenge to human health worldwide. Using natural compounds to subvert the detrimental effects of arsenic represents an attractive strategy. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical regulator of the cellular antioxidant response and xenobiotic metabolism. Recently, activation of the ...

Present study was designed to assess the effect of vitamin E+Se supplementation on growth performance as well as antioxidant status in arsenic toxicity in experimental goats. Eighteen cross breed goats of either sex, aged between 12 to 24 months of age were randomly selected and divided into three groups. Group I was considered as healthy control. Goats of group II and III received Sodium arsen...

Groundwater pollution by arsenic is a serious worldwide problem, especially in developing Asian and African countries. Large inter-individual variation in the arsenic metabolism has been reported. Human arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) is known to catalyze the methylation of arsenite. The M287T polymorphism in AS3MT is considered to be related to inter-individual variation...