With an improved life expectancy, HIV-positive patients now face interactions between antiretroviral therapy and medications for chronic medical problems. One example is thromboembolism and its treatment with oral anticoagulants. To date, there have been 9 case reports documenting drug interactions between oral anticoagulants and antiretroviral agents. We conducted a retrospective case series t...

The incidence and spectrum of primary AIDS-defining illnesses in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients receiving antiretroviral drugs may have changed since the introduction of newer antiretroviral agents. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients enrolled in the British Columbia Drug Treatment Program who were ever prescribed antiretroviral drugs between 1 January 1994 and 31 ...

With the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic showing a shift towards women and young people, the increasing seroprevalence among women will result in an increase in the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The vast majority of HIV-positive children worldwide acquire the infection through vertical transmission. The discovery of successful interventions that interrupt this transmission ha...

BACKGROUND The lower sales price of generic lamivudine has caused healthcare administrators to consider abolishing fixed-dose antiretroviral combinations (FDCs) that contain lamivudine and emtricitabine. The alternative is to administer the individual components of the FDCs separately, thus incorporating the new generic lamivudine medication. METHODS The Balearic Islands Health Service ordere...

Raltegravir is the fi rst integrase strand transfer inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of HIV infection. Administered orally in doses of 400 mg twice daily, it is well-tolerated and has minimal drug-drug interactions with coadministered antiretrovirals and other agents. In clinical trials including treatment-experienced and treatment-naïve HIV-infected adults, raltegravir in combination...

BACKGROUND In infants and children with maternally acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, treatment with a single antiretroviral agent has limited efficacy. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a three-drug regimen in a small group of maternally infected infants. METHODS Zidovudine, didanosine, and nevirapine were administered in combination orally to eight infants...

the future development of effective and safe antiretroviral agents—and the continued study of ways to maximize the utility of currently available therapies—are highly dependent on a scientific field that has evolved in recent years at an incredible rate: pharmacology. While The prn Notebook has published numerous articles focusing on the issues of pharmacokinetics (pk) and pharmacodynamics (pd)...

HIV-infected children are treated with tenofovir in combination with other, potentially interacting, antiretroviral agents. We report the pharmacokinetic parameters of tenofovir in combination with efavirenz, darunavir-ritonavir, or atazanavir-ritonavir in HIV-infected children. HIV-infected patients 8 to 18 years of age receiving a tenofovir (300 mg)-based regimen containing efavirenz (300 or ...

OBJECTIVE To draw attention to the many cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) related to nevirapine detected in a multinational case-control study of SJS and TEN. METHODS Actively detected cases and matched hospital controls were interviewed for exposure to drugs and other risk factors. Data were analysed with case-control and case-crossover methods. RE...

S/GSK1349572 is a next-generation HIV integrase (IN) inhibitor designed to deliver potent antiviral activity with a low-milligram once-daily dose requiring no pharmacokinetic (PK) booster. In addition, S/GSK1349572 demonstrates activity against clinically relevant IN mutant viruses and has potential for a high genetic barrier to resistance. S/GSK1349572 is a two-metal-binding HIV integrase stra...