the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerial parts of stachys lavandulifolia vahl. extract on the rat ileum contractions. the crude extract was prepared by maceration method (90% methanol) followed by fractionating into chloroform, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and water. in adult male wistar rats, ileum was sectioned and mounted in tissue bath and their contractility was reco...

recent studies on rodents showed successful treatment outcomes for cocaine dependence by using buprenorphine and naltrexone without the risk of dependence on them. such findings could provide a new hope on treatment of cocaine, methamphetamine or other stimulants dependence. the idea of using these medicines was formed once dr. nora volkow (director of nation institute for drug abuse) based on ...

AIMS Our previous studies demonstrated that remote electro-stimulation (RES) increased myocardial GSK3 phosphorylation and attenuated ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat hearts. However, the role of various opioid receptors (OR) subtypes in preconditioned RES-induced myocardial protection remains unknown. We investigated the role of OR subtype signaling in RES-induced cardioprotection aga...

mu-Opioid receptors are the pharmacological targets of endogenous opioid peptides and morphine-like alkaloid drugs. Previous studies of transfected cells and peripheral neurons indicate that opioid receptors are rapidly internalized after activation by the alkaloid agonist etorphine but not after activation by morphine. To determine whether opioid receptors in the central nervous system are reg...

Although acupuncture has a significant clinical benefit, the mechanism of acupuncture remains unclear. Vasopressin, a posterior pituitary hormone, is involved in nausea and vomiting in humans and dogs. To investigate the antiemetic effects of acupuncture on vasopressin-induced emesis, gastroduodenal motor activity and the frequency of retching and vomiting were simultaneously recorded in consci...

In adult animals and humans, activation of kappa-opioid receptors results in a diuresis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether kappa-opioids are also diuretic early in life and whether this is altered during postnatal maturation. Therefore, the renal effects of the kappa-opioid-receptor agonist U-50488H were measured in two separate age groups of conscious lambs at two stages ...

The aqueous-ethanol extract of the Hypericum perforatum (Hp-Ext.) was studied for its possible effect on Naloxone (NLX)-precipitated Opium withdrawal physical signs in rats. Purified Opium was used to induce dependence in rats using 8 days treatment schedule. The animals received Opium extract orally twice daily at 09:00 hrs and 19:00 hrs starting with initial dose of 80 mg/kg (equivalent to 8 ...

The aqueous-ethanol extract of the Hypericum perforatum (Hp-Ext.) was studied for its possible effect on Naloxone (NLX)-precipitated Opium withdrawal physical signs in rats. Purified Opium was used to induce dependence in rats using 8 days treatment schedule. The animals received Opium extract orally twice daily at 09:00 hrs and 19:00 hrs starting with initial dose of 80 mg/kg (equivalent to 8 ...

Qi W, Ebenezar KK, Samhan MA, Smith FG. Renal responses to the -opioid-receptor agonist U-50488H in conscious lambs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293: R162–R168, 2007. First published April 4, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00863.2006.—In adult animals and humans, activation of -opioid receptors results in a diuresis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether -opioids are als...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The opioid receptor family comprises four structurally homologous but functionally distinct sub-groups, the μ (MOP), δ (DOP), κ (KOP) and nociceptin (NOP) receptors. As most opioid agonists are selective but not specific, a broad spectrum of behaviours due to activation of different opioid receptors is expected. In this study, we examine whether other opioid receptor syst...