There are two major theories about trade’s effect on the environment. The first, a win-lose scenario, posits that trade liberalization leads to economic growth, which, while increasing incomes, also results in an increasing scale of economic activity and, therefore, greater environmental degradation. This effect might also be compounded by a composition effect, in which countries specialize in ...

The process of decision-making and problem solving is often ineffective because leaders organizations fail to collaborate pursue options that positively benefit all parties. This paper identifies five alternatives describes their characteristics. It emphasizes the importance Win-Win decision philosophy advocated by Stephen R. Covey seven guidelines for implementing this approach solving.