BACKGROUND Critically ill patients are characterized by a hypermetabolic state, a catabolic response, higher nutritional needs, and a decreased capacity for utilization of parenteral substrate. OBJECTIVE We sought to analyze the relation between a patient's metabolic state and their nutritional intake, substrate utilization, and nitrogen balance (NB) in mechanically ventilated, critically ill...

Sixty growing 3/4 Boer x 1/4 Spanish (BS) and Spanish (SP) wethers were used to determine influences of diet and breed on growth and body composition. A pelleted 50% concentrate diet (CD) and a diet based on grass hay (HD) were fed for ad libitum intake. Six wethers of each breed were slaughtered at 0 wk (total of 12). Six wethers of each diet-breed combination were slaughtered at 14 and 28 wk ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the composite surface treated by different powers of Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser in comparison with bur preparation via scanning electron microscope. METHODS Fourteen composite resin blocks with 15× 10 × 10 mm dimensions were used in this study. The samples were divided to seven groups as follow: Group 1 (power: 1 W, E...

Fuel calorific value is an important parameter in fire behaviour. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for determining the calorific value of fuel. Fifty samples of various fuel components from the Mediterranean forest (17.1–24.6 MJ⋅kg–1) were used to establish a calibration equation between NIR spectra (1100–2500 nm) an...

Background and Purpose: Most projections of the global energy use predict that biomass will be an important component of primary energy sources in the coming decades. Short rotation plantations have the potential to become an important source of renewable energy in Europe because of the high biomass yields, a good combustion quality as solid fuel, ecological advantages and comparatively low bio...

Hunting with dogs in winter conditions is practised in the Nordic countries. The present study aimed at determining daily energy expenditure (DEE) and body water turnover (BWT) by the doubly labelled water technique in eight hunting dogs (body-weight (BW) range 14-27 kg) working 3 h/d for 3 d (-6 °C) on ground covered with 20-40 cm of loose snow, to provide information on energy and water requi...

the nutritive values of honey locust pods obtained from different growing sites were evaluated by chemical composition and in vitro gas production techniques. growing site was found to have a significant (p< 0.001) effect on the chemical composition. the cp contents of honey locust pods ranged from 67.2 to 119.9 g kg-1 dm. water soluble carbohydrate (wsc) ranged from 122.3 to 152.2 g kg-1 dm. n...

In the study, mean germination time (MED) was determined as 16.6 days, 21.08 and 9.75 days in traditional sowing method, cross double row method Parallel planting respectively, rate index (ERI) same order. It found 0.31 - 0.52 0.40 pieces/m.day. Grain yield 15260 kg/ha 22330 18300 parallel method. As a result of experiments calculations, net energy to be 297,353.23 Mj/ha, 238.986.57 194.782.97 ...

The effect of body fatness on the fasting heat production and energetic efficiency of adult sheep was studied. Energy balance and heat production were determined in adult wether sheep at three fatness levels given a diet of grass hay and maize at four feeding levels, including fasting, in open-circuit respiration chambers. The sheep weighted approximately 60 kg at the start and were fed over a ...

quality of protein fractions, according to cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (cncps), and digestibility coefficients, using tilley and terry procedure, of the fresh and ensiled amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) forage were assessed. the concentration of crude protein (cp) and true protein (tp) in the fresh forage, were respectively 116 and 70 g/kg of dm. soluble protein (sp) and a...