Objective. Compare glaucoma medication costs between the United States (USA) and Canada. Methods. We modelled glaucoma brand name and generic medication annual costs in the USA and Canada based on October 2013 Costco prices and previously reported bottle overfill rates, drops per mL, and wastage adjustment. We also calculated real wholesale price changes from 2006 to 2013 based on the Average W...

In this paper, we apply a combined revenue sharing and buyback contract to investigate the channel coordination of two-echelon supply chain with loss-averse retailer. Since decision makers usually take on more risks, Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) measure is introduced hedge against it retailer’s objective maximize CVaR utility. We obtain optimal order quantity under contract. It shown that t...

In a product market with price-sensitive demand, we examine supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and capital-constrained retailer. The retailer may purchase by borrowing securing confirmed warehouse financing (CWF) from competitive bank or the manufacturer's trade credit (TCF), provided that it is also to latter's benefit extend TCF. We obtain optimal pricing decision in two modes under ...

The purpose of this study is to develop a forecasting model of daily wholesale price with macro and micro variables for a shipment timing support system for stored apples based on the transaction quantity and the wholesale price information announced by Seoul Agricultural & Marine Products Corporation’s online system. This study identified two operational definitions for production volume and a...

Rice production in most of Asian countries has been increased more rapidly than population and this has been led to increase in supply and proportionately decrease in the real price of rice in world and domestic markets. Furthermore, together with growth in production and national gross income of the country per-capita income has been increased and also demand for rice at national and internati...

Many government contracts with or policies towards oligopolistic sectors essentially involve private firms selling a given proportion (O), or quantity, of output to the government at a fixed price (pR) with the remainder being sold on the open-market. Often this is combined with consumer rationing. Examples include cement and sugar in India, and health, housing and defence in many countries. Th...

We study supply chain contracting with investment in demand forecasting under downstream competition. Supporting some recent industry observations, we show that under common pricing schemes, such as wholesale price or two-part tariff, downstream firms overinvest in demand forecasting. Analyzing the bounds and determinants of overinvestment, we demonstrate that the wholesale price and two-part t...

Motivated by the influenza vaccine industry, we study a supply chain contracting problem under the presence of uncertainties that are related to product design, delivery, and demand, respectively. The supply chain consists of a manufacturer and a retailer, where the retailer places an order before the flu season starts and the manufacturer decides on when to produce the products. Because produc...

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper examines total factor productivity (TFP) growth, technical change and economies of scale measure of Korean fossil-fuel power generation companies (GENCOs) between 2001 and 2012. For the empirical investigation , we estimated the cost function along with specification tests in order to find the most appropriate empirical model. Empirical results show TFP deterior...

This paper details the development and evaluation of AstonTAC, an energy broker that successfully participated in the 2012 Power Trading Agent Competition (Power TAC). AstonTAC buys electrical energy from the wholesale market and sells it in the retail market. The main focus of the paper is on the broker’s bidding strategy in the wholesale market. In particular, it employs Markov Decision Proce...