most contemporary clinical reasoning tests typically assess non-automatic thinking. therefore, a test is needed to measure automatic reasoning or pattern recognition, which has been largely neglected in clinical reasoning tests. the puzzle test (pt) is dedicated to assess automatic clinical reasoning in routine situations. this test has been introduced first in 2009 by monajemi et al in the oly...

The Joint External Evaluation (JEE), a consolidation of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR 2005) Monitoring and Evaluation Framework and the Global Health Security Agenda country assessment tool, is an objective, voluntary, independent peer-to-peer multisectoral assessment of a country's health security preparedness and response capacity across 19 IHR...

Background: Health technology assessment (HTA) is a tool utilized for efficient dissemination of technology. For the purpose of encouraging decision-makers to utilize this tool, at first, we need to identify the obstacles in the processes of preparation, utilization, and implementation of HTAs. This study aims to define these barriers and offer solutions for effective utilization of HTA reports...

Nurses who fail to identify knowledge gaps in their practice and who do not maintain competence place patients with cancer at risk for adverse events and poor outcomes. Self-assessment tools can assist oncology nurses in identifying knowledge deficits in fundamental oncology concepts. This article describes the development and implementation of a self-assessment tool to assist nurses in maintai...

background: currently, orofacial sequelae are recognized as very influential on the qualityof- life for a victim of orofacial damage. therefore, correct forensic assessment for indenisation purposes is mandatory. however, orofacial damage is frequently reduced to organic components, which results in a forensic assessment process, which are inadequate. this study aims to improve the orofacial da...

conclusions the results indicated that suitable facilities and equipment, human resources, and infrastructure were available in the district hospitals in iran. these findings showed that there is potential for the district hospitals to provide care in a wider spectrum. results in this study, 100% of the studied hospitals had oxygen cylinders, running water, electricity, anesthesia machines, eme...