heavy metals are highly poisonous in the environment, even in small quantities, and endanger certain species and all live beings. current methods of removing heavy metals from aqueous media include chemical sequestration, ion exchange, surface absorption, membrane processes, oxidation and revival procedures which have high investment and exploitation costs. hence, it is significantly necessary ...

objective: to measure the long-term linear hygroscopic expansion (lhe) of several materials using bulked and layered techniques. materials and methods: seven materials were used; fuji cap ii, fuji ii lc, photac-fil aplicap, vitremer, dyract, tetric and z100. ten specimens (6×4 mm) were made for each material using layered and bulked techniques (each group comprises five specimens). the specimen...

A pilot plant for continuous flow microwave-assisted chemical reaction combined with microreactors was developed and water heating tests were conducted for evaluation of the developed plant. We developed a microwave apparatus having a single microwave generator that can heat reaction solutions in four reaction fields simultaneously in order to increase throughput. We also designed a four-branch...

Water sorption is important for the overall structure and function of keratinized tissues such as the human epidermal stratum corneum (SC). In this study we report on a gravimetric method for studying sorption properties of human SC, both from heel and female breast skin. Changes in mass were measured as the relative humidity was altered in steps under controlled environmental conditions. The p...

Biological filtration is widely used for deodorising in wastewater treatment plants. This technique can efficiently remove soluble odour-causing substances, but minimally affects hydrophobic odorants, such as methanethiol (MT) and dimethyl sulfide. Ethanol absorption capacity for MT (as a representative hydrophobic odorant) was studied, and the MT removal rate formula was deduced based on the p...

Blood cell flux (BCF) in the pelvic skin of Bufo marinus was lower than Bufo alvarius when toads rehydrated from deionised water (DI) or 50 mmol l-1 NaCl (NaCl). Despite the lower BCF in B. marinus, water absorption was not different between the species when toads rehydrated from DI or NaCl. When fluid contact was limited to the pelvic skin, water uptake from NaCl was lower than from DI, but be...

We report a terahertz time-domain spectrometer with more than 6 THz spectral coverage and 1 GHz resolution based on high-speed asynchronous optical sampling. It operates at 2 kHz scan rate without mechanical delay stage. The frequency error of the system at 60 s acquisition time is determined by comparing a measured water vapor absorption spectrum to data reported in the HITRAN database. The me...

Low solubility compounds show dissolution rate limited absorption and hence poor absorption, distribution and target organ delivery. Improvement of aqueous solubility in such a case is valuable goal to improve therapeutic efficacy. Complexation with CDs by different methods like physical mixing, melting, kneding, spray drying, freeze drying, co-evaporation has been reported to enhance the solub...

Na(+) absorption in the renal cortical collecting duct (CCD) is mediated by apical epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaCs). The CCD is subject to continuous variations in intraluminal flow rate that we speculate alters hydrostatic pressure, membrane stretch, and shear stress. Although ENaCs share limited sequence homology with putative mechanosensitive ion channels in Caenorhabditis elegans, controve...

Glibenclamide is practically insoluble in water and its gastrointestinal absorption is limited by its dissolution rate. Therefore, to enhance the drug dissolution and its hypoglycemic effects, the drug was formulated in different microemulsion systems and in vitro/in vivo evaluated. Microemulsion systems were prepared by Water titration method in which surfactants and cosurfactants (S/CoS) were...