The HIV-1 epidemic remains unchecked despite existing technology; vaccines and microbicides in development may help reverse the epidemic. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) formulated in gels tenofovir (TFV) and IVRs (dapivirine) are under clinical development. While TFV or similar products may prove successful for HIV-1, alternatives to RTIs may provide additional benefits, e.g., broader ...

In this study, a bioadhesive dosage form of clotrimazole was designed using a combination of bioadhesive polymers Carbopol 934P, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate in different ratios. The bioadhesive strength was evaluated by measuring the force required to detach the tablets from porcine vaginal mucosal membrane. The strong interaction between polymer and mucus lining of the t...

Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) in cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) represents a promising "first line of defense" strategy to reduce vaginal HIV transmission. However, it remains unclear what levels of bnAb must be present in CVM to effectively reduce infection. We approached this complex question by modeling the dynamic tally of bnAb coverage on HIV. This analysis introduces a crit...

background and objective: chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) is one of the most common chronic diseases. in the past decades, there has been an increase in fungal infections of sinuses and fungal rhinosinusitis (frs) has been diagnosed more frequently. knowing the fungal flora and its prevalence in crs patients will allow a better understanding of this disease, permitting a correct diagnosis, treatme...

The aims of this study were to: (1) evaluate potential associations between genetic traits, postpartum phenotypes, cow factors and vaginal discharge score (VDS); (2) investigate possible VDS, plasma progesterone (P4) after first service reproductive performance. First second parity (n = 2,842) spring-calving lactating dairy cows from 35 herds enrolled. Farm visits performed every 2 wk during th...

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the mucoadhesive properties ten commercially available polyacrylates including linear polyacrylic acid 100 450 kDa (PAA 450), with allyl pentaerythritol, sucrose divinyl glycol cross-linked PAAs AP, PAA AS/AP, DG) as well hydrophobically modified C10-30). Swelling behavior, rheological measurements polymer/mucus mixtures, rotating cylinder...

background of the study: colorectal cancer (crc) which is the third most diagnosed cancer throughout the world is steadily rising in the asian countries with the incidence rates mimicking the western counterparts. the pre-neoplastic nature of the transitional mucosa (tm) adjoining crc lacks conclusive evidence so far. pertaining to this, the study of the mucus layer, the functional component of...

Copyright: © 2015 Chyjek K. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. cervical varices found in the setting of second and third trimester bleeding, report on the clinical outcomes and propose a managemen...

Twenty vaginal washes (VWs) and ten vaginal mucus (VM) samples from patients with trichomoniasis were examined for the presence of antibody to surface protein immunogens of Trichomonas vaginalis. Fourteen of 20 VWs (70%) and 8 of 10 VM (80%) had immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (Ab) that reacted in an immunoprecipitation (IP) assay with one iodinated Trichomonas vaginalis surface protein immunog...