Although the effect of gene-gene interaction on nicotine-dopamine metabolism for smoking behavior has been reported, polymorphisms of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) have not been simultaneously examined among smokers. In this study, 481 young Taiwanese men completed a self-report questionnaire on smoking status, and data were obtained on polymorphisms of DRD2 rs18004...

Epidemiologic data have shown increased risks of lung cancer in nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). We measured biomarkers in urine samples from nonsmokers before and after a 4-h visit to a casino where smoking is allowed. The tobacco-specific lung carcinogen, NNK [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1butanone] is a constituent of ETS. Urinary metabolites of NNK, 4-(methyln...

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was assessed as part of a pilot study aimed at determining the extent of multiple toxicant exposures in children from inner-city areas of Baltimore, MD. Questionnaire data on sources of ETS and urinary cotinine were obtained in children considered at high risk for urban exposures because of previous or current overexposure to one inner-city environm...

Smokers or people undergoing nicotine replacement therapy excrete approximately 10% of the nicotine dose as 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butanoic acid (keto acid) and 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butanoic acid (hydroxy acid). Previously, these acids were thought to arise by secondary metabolism of the major nicotine metabolite cotinine, but our data did not support this mechanism. Therefore, we hypothesized th...

Epidemiologic data have shown increased risks of lung cancer in nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). We measured biomarkers in urine samples from nonsmokers before and after a 4-h visit to a casino where smoking is allowed. The tobacco-specific lung carcinogen, NNK [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone] is a constituent of ETS. Urinary metabolites of NNK, 4-(methyl...

The present study was undertaken to clarify the possible association between nicotine intake/cigarette smoking and detrusor instability. For pharmacokinetic characterization of nicotine and cotinine (a major and pharmacologically less active metabolite of nicotine), a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS) method was developed that ...

The pharmacokinetic properties of transdermal nicotine patches (TNPs) are different from those other routes administration; further, acute poisoning by TNPs may present with clinical features. In the report, we describe case a 23-year-old woman who was admitted to emergency department (ED) at Jeju National University Hospital loss consciousness. Five hours before ED visit, she used multiple att...

exposure over the previous hours (15) were collected and stored at Ϫ20 °C until analysis (14). Creatinine was assessed in urine according to a kinetic method adapted from the Jaffe method (16). Urinary cotinine results, calculated taking into account the fivefold urine concentration , were expressed with reference to creatinine values. Results were compared using the Student t-test. Urinary cot...