Muraglitazar, a PPARalpha/gamma dual agonist, was dosed orally to rats once daily for 13 weeks to evaluate urinary and urothelial changes of potential relevance to urinary bladder tumorigenesis. Groups of 17 young or aged rats per sex were fed a normal or 1% NH4Cl-supplemented diet and were dosed with 0, 1, or 50 mg/kg muraglitazar. Lithogenic ions and sediment were profiled from freshly voided...

OBJECTIVE Although the incidence of urolithiasis is lower in children than in adults, the number of children with urolithiasis is increasing. Phytate, a naturally occurring compound present in legumes, nuts, and whole meals, has antilithiasic activity. The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the urinary levels of phytate in children and to correlate these levels with other urin...

background: clomiphene citrate (cc) an agonist and antagonist of estrogen, is the first line treatment in ovarian stimulation. anti-estrogenic effect of cc in endometrial thickness and cervical mucus has negative effect on pregnancy rate. letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor has been seen that has acceptable pregnancy rate compared to cc. objective: the aim of this study was to compare the effic...

background: early detection of renal diseases in children can be beneficial for prevention, delaying disease progression, reduction of the number of patients with progressive renal failure. the most common metabolic disorders predisposing renal calculus in children are: hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, renal tubular acidosis, and hypocitraturia. objectives: in this research, we s...

in spite of vast improvements in urinary stone treatment (eswl, pnl, ureteroscopy, etc.), metabolic workup concerning the existence of stone forming risk factors are of great importance and can lead to control and even prevention of urinary stone formation in these patients. in this analytical case-control study performed on 266 persons [110 normal persons (56 males and 54 females), 76 patients...

INTRODUCTION Urinary calculi in infants are relatively infrequent, but their incidence has increased in the recent decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical presentation, metabolic risk factors, and urinary tract abnormalities in infants suffering from kidney calculus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 152 infants were admitted between 2009 and 2012 with ultrasonography-pr...

Anovulation is a common cause of female subfertility. Treatment of anovulation is aimed at induction of ovulation. In women with clomiphene-citrate resistant WHO group II anovulation, one of the treatment options is ovulation induction with exogenous follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH or follitropin). FSH is derived from urine or is produced as recombinant FSH. Two forms of recombinant FSH are a...