Tax policy encourages charitable contributions during an individual’s life through both the personal income tax and the estate tax. The effect of the income tax on contributions is well known. Because annual charitable contributions reduce the size of an estate, and hence the likely estate tax burden, the estate tax should also affect contributions. Recently, Auten and Joulfaian (1996) studied ...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between firms’ value drivers and their intellectual capital (IC). Design/methodology/approach – The health care sector (GICS 35) firms listed in the S&P500 were used to build a research censoring Tobit model by adopting financial data to determine value drivers. Findings – The results of the study show that innovation capital, c...

Truncated and censored regression models are useful when the dependent variable is observed in some ranges but not in others. A classical example is Tobin’s (1958) study of household expenditures, in which expenditures on durable goods were seen to generally increase with income, but a non-trivial number of households had no expenditures on durable goods. The problem, in this case, is how to mo...

The forgetting of the initial distribution for discrete Hidden Markov Models (HMM) is addressed: a new set of conditions is proposed, to establish the forgetting property of the filter, at a polynomial and geometric rate. Both a pathwise-type convergence of the total variation distance of the filter started from two different initial distributions , and a convergence in expectation are consider...

Understanding mechanisms underlie the individual’s daily time allocations is very important to understand the variability of individual’s time-space constraints and to forecast his/her daily activity participation. At most of previous studies, activity time allocation was viewed as allocating a continuous quantity (daily time budget) into multiple discrete alternatives (i.e. various activities ...

The forgetting of the initial distribution for discrete Hidden Markov Models (HMM) is addressed: a new set of conditions is proposed, to establish the forgetting property of the filter, at a polynomial and geometric rate. Both a pathwise-type convergence of the total variation distance of the filter started from two different initial distributions , and a convergence in expectation are consider...

Background. Clinical trials in cancer frequently include cancer-specific measures of health but not preferencebased measures such as the EQ-5D that are suitable for economic evaluation. Mapping functions have been developed to predict EQ-5D values from these measures, but there is considerable uncertainty about the most appropriate model to use, and many existing models are poor at predicting E...

BACKGROUND Clinical trials in cancer frequently include cancer-specific measures of health but not preference-based measures such as the EQ-5D that are suitable for economic evaluation. Mapping functions have been developed to predict EQ-5D values from these measures, but there is considerable uncertainty about the most appropriate model to use, and many existing models are poor at predicting E...

At present, in resource-based regions China, it has been seriously restricted the harmonious growth of green economy (GE) and environment. To find solve problems that affect quality regional GE development, study took Xinjiang, a province, as research object. With data 14 prefectures cities Xinjiang from 2017 to 2022, an evaluation model for efficiency development based on DEA-Tobit was constru...